Adrian
Adrian — 人名
1. the name used by six different popes of the Roman Catholic Church across history
亞德里安
六位羅馬天主教教宗使用的名號
the name used by six different popes of the Roman Catholic Church across history; the best known is Adrian IV, who led the Church in the 1100s and was the only English pope.
Six popes have taken the name Adrian, beginning in the eighth century in Rome.
從八世紀的羅馬開始，共有六位教宗使用亞德里安這個名號。
proper noun: Adrian as papal name
Adrian IV remains the only English-born pope in the long history of the Church.
亞德里安四世至今仍是教會悠久歷史中唯一的英格蘭籍教宗。
naming pattern: Adrian + Roman numeral
Students of medieval history often study Adrian IV's letters to King Henry II of England.
研究中世紀歷史的學生常常會讀亞德里安四世寫給英格蘭國王亨利二世的信。
The name Adrian was chosen by popes who wanted to honor earlier leaders of the Church.
選用亞德里安這個名號的教宗，通常是想向更早期的教會領袖致敬。
- Hadrian
older Latin spelling sometimes used for the same popes in historical texts
用法筆記
As a papal name, Adrian is always followed by a Roman numeral to show which pope is meant; older texts may use the Latin form 'Hadrian' for the same figures.
常見錯誤
2. Edgar Douglas Adrian (1889–1977), a British scientist who studied how nerves car
艾德里安
英國神經生理學家，諾貝爾獎得主
Edgar Douglas Adrian (1889–1977), a British scientist who studied how nerves carry signals in the human body; he shared the Nobel Prize in 1932 and later became the 1st Baron Adrian of Cambridge.
Adrian and Charles Sherrington shared the 1932 Nobel Prize in Medicine for their work on nerve cells.
艾德里安與查爾斯・謝靈頓因神經細胞的研究，共同獲得一九三二年的諾貝爾醫學獎。
proper noun: scientist's surname in academic context
In Cambridge in the 1920s, Adrian recorded the tiny electrical signals sent by single nerve fibers.
一九二〇年代，艾德里安在劍橋記錄下單一神經纖維所發出的微小電訊號。
Modern brain research still builds on the methods Adrian developed nearly a hundred years ago.
現代的腦科學研究仍建立在艾德里安將近一百年前所發展的方法之上。
Queen Elizabeth II made Adrian a baron in 1955, in honor of his work on the nervous system.
一九五五年，伊麗莎白二世女王為了表彰他在神經系統上的研究，授予艾德里安男爵爵位。
- Lord Adrian
British title used for the same person from 1955 onward
- Edgar Adrian
full personal name, used in biographies and history of science
用法筆記
When referring to the scientist, the surname Adrian usually appears alone in academic writing; use the full name 'Edgar Adrian' or the title 'Lord Adrian' when introducing him to a general audience.
常見錯誤
Adrian — 地名
1. a small city in the southeastern part of Michigan in the United States, sitting
艾德里安市
美國密西根州東南部的一座小城市
a small city in the southeastern part of Michigan in the United States, sitting beside the Raisin River, with a population of just over 21,000 people.
Adrian sits about an hour southwest of Detroit, beside the quiet Raisin River.
艾德里安位在底特律西南方大約一小時車程，緊鄰寧靜的雷辛河。
place pattern: city + relative location
Most students at Adrian College come from small towns across southeastern Michigan.
艾德里安學院的學生大多來自密西根州東南部的小鎮。
Every fall, families drive to Adrian to see the bright red and gold leaves along the river.
每到秋天，許多家庭會開車前往艾德里安，欣賞河邊鮮紅與金黃的樹葉。
The city of Adrian was founded in the 1820s and named after a Roman emperor.
艾德里安市建立於一八二〇年代，名字來自一位古羅馬皇帝。
用法筆記
Several other US towns share the name Adrian (in Texas, Minnesota, and Missouri), so it helps to add the state — 'Adrian, Michigan' — in writing meant for an international reader.