communal
/kəˈmjuːnl/ (bre, ipa) · /kəˈmjuːnl/ (ame, ipa) · /kə-ˈmyü-nᵊl ˈkäm-yə-nᵊl/ (ame, mw)
communal — 形容詞
- communalpositive
- more communalcomparative
- most communalsuperlative
1. available for everyone in a group to use together rather than just one person —
共用的
供同一群人共同使用的
available for everyone in a group to use together rather than just one person — for example, a kitchen everyone in a building can cook in, or a garden looked after by all the neighbours.
The students in Aoi's dormitory share a communal kitchen on every floor.
Aoi 宿舍的學生每層樓都共用一間公共廚房。
attributive use: communal + noun (kitchen / bathroom / space)
Indra and her neighbours plant vegetables in the communal garden behind the apartments.
Indra 和鄰居們在公寓後面的共用花園種菜。
typical noun: communal garden / space / area
Residents wash their clothes in a communal laundry room near the lobby.
住戶在大廳附近的公共洗衣間洗衣服。
At Omar's village school, lunch was a communal meal eaten under the mango tree.
在 Omar 村裡的學校，午餐是大家一起在芒果樹下吃的共食。
The cabins all face a communal fire pit where guests gather after sunset.
幾間小木屋都面向一處共用的營火坑，日落後客人會聚在那裡。
- shared
plainer everyday word; works in the same noun slots
- public
open to anyone outside, not just one defined group; broader than communal
- collective
emphasises joint ownership or decision-making, not just shared use
文法句型
communal + noun
be + communal
用法筆記
Almost always sits directly before a noun naming a place, object, or activity. Subjects are typically physical things many people make use of (kitchen, garden, bathroom, area, space, meal).
常見錯誤
2. describing a way of living where a group share their home, work, money, and belo
公社式的
群體共居共享財產的生活方式
describing a way of living where a group share their home, work, money, and belongings as one household instead of each family owning things separately.
Kemi spent two years on a communal farm where every adult took turns cooking and milking the goats.
Kemi 在一座公社式農場待了兩年，那裡的大人輪流做飯和擠羊奶。
typical noun: communal farm / household / community
The group set up a communal household in rural Wales and shared one bank account.
那群人在威爾斯鄉下建立了一個共有家庭，所有人共用一個銀行帳戶。
collocation: communal household / living
Hugo grew up in a communal community where children were raised by all the adults.
Hugo 在一個公社式社區長大，孩子由所有大人一起撫養。
Their communal lifestyle meant no one owned a car or a private room.
他們的公社式生活方式意味著沒有人擁有自己的車或房間。
- collective
near-equivalent for this sense; common in 'collective farm', 'collective living'
- cooperative
emphasises joint running of a project or business, not necessarily shared home life
- individualist
valuing personal ownership and independence over group sharing
文法句型
communal + society / living / lifestyle
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1: sense 1 covers any space several people share (a kitchen, a garden) without changing how anyone lives or owns property; sense 2 specifically describes a chosen lifestyle in which ownership itself is collective.
3. describing problems, fighting, or relations that happen between different ethnic
族群間的
不同族群或宗教團體之間的
describing problems, fighting, or relations that happen between different ethnic, religious, or cultural groups living in the same place — often used by news media when reporting on riots or long-running tension.
The election campaign sparked fresh communal violence in several northern districts.
這場選舉活動在好幾個北方地區引發了新一波族群間的暴力衝突。
collocation: communal violence / riots / clashes
Reuben writes a weekly column on easing communal tensions between the city's religious groups.
Reuben 每週撰寫專欄，探討如何緩和該城市各宗教族群間的緊張關係。
collocation: communal tensions / relations / harmony
Padma's grandmother remembers the communal riots that swept through her hometown in 1947.
Padma 的祖母還記得 1947 年席捲家鄉的族群間暴動。
Local leaders met for hours to repair communal relations after the temple fire.
地方領袖開會數小時，希望在寺廟火災後修復族群間的關係。
- sectarian
stresses the religious-faction angle specifically; common for Christian-vs-Christian or Sunni-vs-Shia conflict
- intercommunal
more technical synonym; same meaning, used in academic writing
文法句型
communal + violence / tension / conflict / relations
用法筆記
Subject collocates are almost always abstract nouns of conflict or social relation (violence, riots, clashes, tension, harmony, relations). Common in South Asian and African journalism; less frequent in everyday American English.