cooperative
/kəʊˈɒpərətɪv/ (bre, ipa) · /kəʊˈɑːpərətɪv/ (ame, ipa) · /kō-ˈä-p(ə-)rə-tiv -ˈä-pə-ˌrā-/ (ame, mw) · /ˈkəʊɒp/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈkoʊɑː.p/ (ame, ipa)
cooperative — 形容詞
- cooperativepositive
- more cooperativecomparative
- most cooperativesuperlative
1. describes someone who willingly does what others ask and works together with the
配合的
願意協助或配合他人
describes someone who willingly does what others ask and works together with them without causing difficulties
The new nurse was very cooperative and followed every instruction from the senior staff.
那位新護士非常配合，仔細遵循資深人員的每一個指示。
be cooperative — predicative, often modified by 'very'
Kwame's cooperative attitude made the whole team project run much more smoothly.
Kwame 配合的態度讓整個團隊專案進行得順利許多。
cooperative attitude — attributive before noun
The children were surprisingly cooperative during the eight-hour flight to Seoul.
孩子們在飛往首爾的八小時航程中出奇地配合。
If the suspect remains cooperative, the judge may take that into account at sentencing.
如果嫌疑人保持配合，法官可能會在量刑時列入考量。
Our landlord has been cooperative about fixing the broken water heater in the basement.
我們的房東一直很配合，幫忙修理地下室的熱水器。
- helpful
broader in meaning; can describe objects (a helpful guide) as well as people
- accommodating
implies adjusting one's own plans to fit another person's needs
- supportive
focuses on giving encouragement or backing rather than following instructions
- willing
simpler level; does not necessarily imply active teamwork
- uncooperative
direct opposite — refusing to help or work with others
- obstructive
stronger — actively creating difficulties rather than just refusing help
- difficult
informal; describes someone who is hard to deal with in general
文法句型
be cooperative
cooperative + noun (e.g. attitude, spirit)
用法筆記
Often used in workplace, medical, or formal contexts to describe behaviour during a task. The opposite is 'uncooperative'. 'Cooperative' is stronger than 'helpful' — it implies active willingness, not just passive assistance.
常見錯誤
2. describes an activity or project in which two or more people or groups join forc
協作的
眾人合力完成的
describes an activity or project in which two or more people or groups join forces to reach a shared goal
The two universities launched a cooperative research programme on renewable energy.
那兩所大學啟動了一項關於可再生能源的協作研究計畫。
cooperative research programme — attributive, academic context
The mountain rescue was a cooperative effort involving firefighters, police, and local volunteers.
這次山區救援是消防隊、警方與當地志工協作的成果。
cooperative effort — common noun collocation
Rin and her neighbours started a cooperative garden in the empty lot behind their street.
Rin 和鄰居們在他們那條街尾的空地上開闢了一座協作菜園。
Cooperative learning helps students develop communication skills while mastering the subject material.
協作學習能幫助學生在掌握學科內容的同時培養溝通技巧。
- collaborative
more formal; often used for intellectual or creative work (research, art)
- collective
emphasizes group ownership or responsibility; broader than task-based cooperation
- shared
simpler level; can describe resources or goals, not just activities
- individual
done by one person rather than a group
- solo
informal; emphasizes one person acting alone
- independent
carries a neutral or positive tone rather than negative
文法句型
cooperative + noun (effort, project, work)
用法筆記
Typically used before a noun (attributive position). This sense focuses on the nature of the activity itself, not on someone's personal willingness. Cannot follow 'very' or 'quite' — 'a very cooperative project' would sound odd unless it means the people involved were willing to help.
常見錯誤
3. describes a home or building that is owned collectively by the people who live i
合作住宅的
由住戶集體擁有的房屋
describes a home or building that is owned collectively by the people who live in it, rather than being owned by a private landlord or by individual residents directly
Olivia bought a cooperative apartment in Brooklyn where each resident owns a share.
Olivia 在布魯克林買了一間合作住宅公寓，每位住戶都持有一股。
cooperative apartment — most common US housing collocation
The cooperative housing complex requires all members to attend monthly meetings about building maintenance.
該合作住宅社區要求所有成員每月出席關於大樓維護的會議。
cooperative housing complex — fixed real-estate term
Unlike a rental, a cooperative flat cannot be sold without approval from the building's board.
與租屋不同，合作住宅的公寓未經大樓委員會同意不能轉賣。
Élise moved into a cooperative building where residents share the cost of repairs and utilities.
Élise 搬進了一棟合作住宅大樓，住戶共同分擔維修與水電費用。
- co-op
informal abbreviation; used both as adjective and noun in everyday speech
- rental
a property owned by a landlord and leased to a tenant
- condominium
a unit the resident owns outright, unlike a cooperative where they own shares
文法句型
cooperative + apartment/building/housing
用法筆記
Almost always used before a noun. In American English, often shortened to 'co-op' in informal speech. Distinguish from noun sense 2 (the organization that owns the building) and noun sense 3 (the specific home within that system).
常見錯誤
4. describes a video game, board game, or other activity in which players work toge
協力的
玩家聯手達成目標的遊戲模式
describes a video game, board game, or other activity in which players work together as a team to achieve a common objective instead of competing against one another
The game offers a cooperative mode where up to four players fight monsters together.
這款遊戲提供協力模式，最多四名玩家可以一起對抗怪物。
cooperative mode — standard gaming collocation
Amihan prefers cooperative board games over competitive ones because the experience feels less stressful.
Amihan 比較喜歡協力桌遊而非競爭型遊戲，因為玩起來壓力比較小。
In a cooperative video game, players share resources and talk to each other to win.
在一款協力電玩中，玩家必須分享資源並互相溝通才能獲勝。
The expansion pack adds a cooperative campaign for two friends to play in one evening.
這款擴充包新增了一個協力戰役，兩位朋友可以在一晚內一起遊玩。
- co-op
informal abbreviation; widely used in gaming communities
- collaborative
more formal; less common in gaming but used for certain multiplayer experiences
- competitive
players try to beat each other rather than work together
- versus
gaming term for player-against-player mode
- solo
single-player mode; one person plays alone
文法句型
cooperative + game/mode/play
用法筆記
Common in game reviews and descriptions. Often shortened to 'co-op' (e.g. 'co-op mode'). In video game contexts, 'cooperative' contrasts with 'competitive' or 'versus'. Some games offer both cooperative and competitive modes.
常見錯誤
5. describes a company, shop, farm, or other organization that is owned and control
合作經營的
由成員共同擁有和分享利潤的企業
describes a company, shop, farm, or other organization that is owned and controlled by the people who work in it, with profits divided among the members
The coffee shop is a cooperative business owned by the twelve people who work there.
那間咖啡店是一家合作經營的企業，由在店裡工作的十二個人共同持有。
cooperative business — describes ownership structure
Local farmers formed a cooperative dairy that shares equipment and profits among members.
當地農民成立了一家合作經營的酪農場，成員共享設備與利潤。
A cooperative farm distributes its earnings according to each member's contribution during the season.
合作經營的農場會根據每位成員在產季的貢獻來分配收益。
Walid joined a cooperative bookstore where every employee has an equal vote on important decisions.
Walid 加入了一家合作經營的書店，每位員工對重大決策都有平等的投票權。
- co-op
informal abbreviation used in both speech and writing
- collective
broader; can refer to any group sharing resources or decision-making, not necessarily a formal business
- mutual
used for organizations (e.g. mutual insurance) that are owned by policyholders, not workers
- privately owned
owned by an individual or a group of investors
- corporate
owned by shareholders who may not work in the business
文法句型
cooperative + business/enterprise/farm/shop
用法筆記
Often abbreviated to 'co-op' in informal speech. Distinguish from adjective sense 3 (housing): this sense applies to any type of business, not just residential property. The Rochdale Principles (1844) established the modern cooperative business model.
常見錯誤
cooperative — 名詞
- cooperativesingular
- cooperativesplural
1. a company, shop, or farm whose workers or customers jointly hold ownership and d
合作社
由成員共同擁有和經營的組織或企業
a company, shop, or farm whose workers or customers jointly hold ownership and decision-making power, sharing the profits among themselves rather than paying outside shareholders
The worker-owned bakery is a cooperative that has been operating in Taipei since 1998.
這間由員工擁有的麵包店是一家合作社，自 1998 年起在臺北經營。
worker-owned cooperative — specific type of co-op
Hugo joined a farming cooperative that sells organic vegetables directly to local families.
Hugo 加入了一個農業合作社，該合作社直接將有機蔬菜銷售給當地家庭。
Many coffee growers in Ethiopia sell their beans through a cooperative to get fairer prices.
衣索比亞的許多咖啡農透過合作社銷售咖啡豆，以獲得更公平的價格。
The food cooperative in our neighbourhood orders fresh produce in bulk every Tuesday morning.
我們社區的食物合作社每週二早上大量訂購新鮮農產品。
Bilal works at a bicycle repair cooperative where all eight mechanics share the profits equally.
Bilal 在一家自行車維修合作社工作，店裡八位技師平均分配利潤。
- co-op
informal abbreviation; very common in everyday speech
- collective
broader; can be less formal than a registered cooperative business
- mutual society
a financial organization owned by its members, e.g. a building society
- corporation
owned by shareholders who may not use or work for the business
- private company
owned by an individual or small group of investors
文法句型
a cooperative
worker cooperative
food cooperative
用法筆記
Often shortened to 'co-op' in informal speech and writing. The members are called 'co-op members'. A 'worker cooperative' is owned by employees; a 'consumer cooperative' is owned by customers. Common worldwide, especially in agriculture, retail, and banking.
常見錯誤
2. a group of residents who together own and manage the apartment buildings or hous
合作住宅組織
由住戶共同管理擁有的住宅機構
a group of residents who together own and manage the apartment buildings or houses they live in, making joint decisions about upkeep, regulations, and costs
The housing cooperative in Shinjuku owns three apartment buildings with eighty units in total.
位於新宿的合作住宅組織擁有總計八十戶的三棟公寓大樓。
housing cooperative — noun-noun compound
Jessica applied to join a housing cooperative where residents help clean the common areas.
Jessica 申請加入一個合作住宅組織，住戶們需要一起打掃公共區域。
Nellie's housing cooperative has a shared garden and a rooftop terrace for all members.
Nellie 所屬的合作住宅組織有一個共用的花園和一座屋頂露臺供所有成員使用。
When you join a housing cooperative, you buy shares instead of owning a flat directly.
加入合作住宅組織時，你購買的是股份，而非直接擁有一戶的所有權。
- housing co-op
informal abbreviation
- residential cooperative
formal term; more common in legal documents
- co-op building
focuses on the physical building rather than the organization
- rental agency
a landlord-owned building where tenants have no ownership stake
- condominium association
owners hold individual titles to their units rather than shares in the whole building
文法句型
housing cooperative
live in a cooperative
用法筆記
Distinguish from noun sense 3: the housing cooperative (sense 2) is the organization; a cooperative (sense 3) is one specific home within it. In American English, 'co-op' can refer to either the organization or the unit depending on context. Also called a 'housing co-op' or 'residential cooperative'.
常見錯誤
3. a specific house or apartment that belongs to a housing cooperative, in which th
合作住宅
屬於合作住宅組織的房屋或公寓
a specific house or apartment that belongs to a housing cooperative, in which the resident holds shares rather than owning the property directly
Ravindra rents a small cooperative in the east end from a friend who owns shares.
Ravindra 向一位持有股份的朋友租了東邊一間小型合作住宅。
João's family sold their Upper West Side cooperative and bought a Vermont house.
João 的家人賣掉了他們在上西區的合作住宅，在佛蒙特州買了一棟房子。
sold their cooperative — ownership context
The cooperative on the third floor has a view of the park across the street.
三樓的那間合作住宅可以看到對街公園的景色。
Unlike renting, owning a cooperative gives you a say in building management.
有別於租屋，擁有一間合作住宅讓你在大樓管理上有發言權。
- co-op
informal abbreviation; very common in real-estate contexts
- co-op unit
specifies that it is one unit within a larger cooperative building
- co-op apartment
emphasizes that it is an apartment, not a house
- condominium
the resident owns the unit outright rather than shares in the organization
- rental apartment
the resident pays rent to a landlord and has no ownership stake
文法句型
buy a cooperative
live in a cooperative
用法筆記
This sense refers to the individual home unit, not the organization (sense 2). Common in American real-estate listings: 'Two-bedroom cooperative for sale.' The owner holds shares in the cooperative corporation and pays a monthly maintenance fee. Contrasts with a condominium, where the owner holds the deed to the unit.