co-op
/ˈkəʊ ɒp/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈkəʊ ɑːp/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈkəʊˌɒp/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈkoʊˌɑːp/ (ame, ipa)
co-op — 名詞
1. a shop, farm, or other business where the workers themselves jointly own the com
合作社
由工作者共同擁有與經營的事業
a shop, farm, or other business where the workers themselves jointly own the company and share the profits and decisions, rather than working for an outside boss.
Noa buys all her vegetables from the local farmers' co-op every Saturday morning.
Noa 每週六早上都會去當地的農民合作社買所有蔬菜。
common collocation: farmers' co-op
After years at a big bakery, Christopher quit and helped start a small worker-owned bread co-op.
在大型烘焙坊工作多年後，Christopher 辭職並協助創辦一家由員工共同擁有的小型麵包合作社。
pattern: start / set up a co-op
The taxi drivers in this city formed a co-op so they could keep all the fares themselves.
這座城市的計程車司機組成了一個合作社，這樣他們就能把所有車資留給自己。
Members of the cheese co-op meet every month to vote on prices and new staff.
起司合作社的成員每個月開會，投票決定價格和新員工。
Eshe joined the food co-op last spring and now works one shift in the shop each week.
Eshe 去年春天加入這家食品合作社，現在每週在店裡輪一次班。
- cooperative
the full, slightly more formal word — used in legal or business contexts
- collective
broader; can describe any group-run venture, including art studios and farms
- mutual
chiefly for financial co-ops such as savings banks and insurance societies
- corporation
owned by outside shareholders, not by the workers themselves
- franchise
individually owned but tied to a central brand, not jointly run
文法句型
a co-op of [people]
join/run a co-op
用法筆記
Short for 'cooperative' and slightly more casual; spoken and journalistic English prefer 'co-op' for the everyday shop or farm sense.
常見錯誤
2. a non-profit organization, usually in a city, that owns a block of flats or hous
住宅合作社
成員持股並可入住的非營利住宅組織
a non-profit organization, usually in a city, that owns a block of flats or houses; its members buy a share in the organization and that share gives them the right to live in one of the units.
Ritu's parents have belonged to a Brooklyn housing co-op since the early nineties.
Ritu 的父母從九〇年代初期就一直屬於布魯克林的一家住宅合作社。
collocation: housing co-op
Before approving a buyer, the co-op interviews every family that wants to move into the building.
在批准買家之前，這家住宅合作社會面談每一個想搬進這棟樓的家庭。
passive subject: 'the co-op' as decision-maker
Heloísa joined a small co-op uptown because the monthly fees were lower than a normal rental.
Heloísa 加入了上城區一家小型的住宅合作社，因為每月費用比一般出租公寓低。
Each month the co-op sends out a newsletter about repairs to the elevators and the roof.
每個月，住宅合作社都會寄出通訊，報告電梯和屋頂的維修進度。
- housing cooperative
the full term, common in legal documents and bank paperwork
- condominium
a similar building where residents directly own their apartment instead of owning a share in the building
文法句型
a housing co-op
live in / belong to a co-op
用法筆記
Mainly American, especially in New York City; distinguishes from sense 3, which is the apartment unit itself rather than the organization that owns it.
常見錯誤
3. a flat or apartment located inside a housing co-op building — what you actually
合作公寓
屬於住宅合作社的個別公寓單位
a flat or apartment located inside a housing co-op building — what you actually live in once you have bought a share in the organization that owns the whole block.
Élise finally sold her tiny one-bedroom co-op after living there for almost twenty years.
Élise 住了將近二十年後，終於賣掉了那間小小的一房合作公寓。
pattern: buy / sell a co-op
Omar and his wife are looking at a two-bedroom co-op near the park in Queens.
Omar 和他太太正在看皇后區公園附近的一間兩房合作公寓。
collocation: [number]-bedroom co-op
The Watanabe family's co-op has lovely tall windows and a small balcony facing the river.
Watanabe 一家的合作公寓有漂亮的高窗，還有一個面河的小陽台。
Buying a co-op in this neighborhood usually involves a long interview with the board.
在這一帶買合作公寓，通常都要經過董事會的長時間面談。
- condo
an apartment you directly own, rather than one you live in through a co-op share
文法句型
a [number]-bedroom co-op
buy / sell a co-op
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 2: sense 2 is the organization that owns the building; sense 3 is one apartment within it. The same word covers both, so context (or 'housing co-op' vs 'a co-op') is what disambiguates.
常見錯誤
4. a style of video-game play in which two or more players work together as a team
合作模式
玩家組隊共同對抗遊戲的玩法
a style of video-game play in which two or more players work together as a team against the game itself, rather than competing with each other to win.
Yuki and Leo play co-op every Friday night after dinner.
Yuki 和 Leo 每週五吃完晚飯都會一起玩合作模式。
pattern: play co-op (with someone)
The new shooter has a four-player co-op campaign that takes about twelve hours to finish.
這款新射擊遊戲有一個四人合作模式的劇情，大約要十二小時才能破關。
collocation: co-op campaign / mode
Hoa prefers co-op over competitive matches because nobody yells at her for missing a shot.
比起競技對戰，Hoa 更喜歡合作模式，因為沒有人會罵她射不中。
In co-op, two players share a single screen and must rescue the villagers together.
在合作模式中，兩個玩家共用一個畫面，必須一起去拯救村民。
- cooperative play
the longer, more descriptive form used in game reviews and articles
- team mode
broader gaming term that may include team-vs-team as well as team-vs-game
- PvP
player-versus-player — the competitive opposite where humans fight humans
- single-player
playing alone against the game, with no teammates
文法句型
play co-op
in co-op
co-op mode
用法筆記
Almost always used in informal gaming talk; the parallel word in gaming circles is 'PvP' (player versus player) for the competitive opposite.
常見錯誤
co-op — 形容詞
1. describing a flat or building that belongs to a housing co-op — that is, owned b
合作社的
屬於住宅合作社所有的（公寓或大樓）
describing a flat or building that belongs to a housing co-op — that is, owned by an organization in which the residents themselves are members and shareholders.
Tariq is renovating a small co-op apartment on the third floor of a pre-war building.
Tariq 正在整修戰前老建築三樓的一間小合作社公寓。
pattern: co-op + apartment / building
The co-op unit comes with a parking space and a tiny patch of shared garden.
這間合作社公寓附有一個停車位，還有一小塊共用的花園。
Lisa prefers a co-op building because the residents help decide who moves in next.
Lisa 偏好住在合作社大樓，因為住戶可以一起決定下一個搬進來的人是誰。
Most co-op buildings in this part of Brooklyn date from the 1920s.
布魯克林這一區大多數的合作社大樓，都建於一九二〇年代。
- cooperative
the full word; common in real-estate listings and legal documents
- condo
as an attributive, describes apartments owned individually rather than through co-op shares
文法句型
a co-op [apartment / building / unit]
用法筆記
Attributive only — comes before a noun like 'apartment', 'unit', or 'building'. You cannot say 'the apartment is co-op'; rephrase as 'the apartment is in a co-op'.
常見錯誤
2. describing a game, mode, or activity in which several players team up to reach t
合作式的
玩家組隊共同破關的（遊戲或模式）
describing a game, mode, or activity in which several players team up to reach the same goal together, instead of competing against one another.
Amani downloaded a new co-op shooter so she could play with her cousins online.
Amani 下載了一款新的合作式射擊遊戲，這樣就能和表親們一起連線玩。
collocation: co-op shooter / game
The studio added a four-player co-op mission to the game after listening to fans.
工作室聽完玩家意見後，為遊戲加入了一個四人合作式任務。
pattern: number + co-op mission / mode
Sirin and her brother spent the whole weekend on a co-op puzzle game about trapped astronauts.
Sirin 和她哥哥整個週末都在玩一款關於受困太空人的合作式解謎遊戲。
A good co-op design rewards players for helping each other instead of racing to the end alone.
好的合作式遊戲設計會獎勵互相幫助的玩家，而不是讓人各自衝向終點。
- cooperative
the full word; common in formal game reviews
- multiplayer
broader — covers both co-op and competitive play
- competitive
players fight against each other rather than working as a team
- single-player
designed for one player alone with no teammates
文法句型
a co-op [game / mode / mission / campaign]
用法筆記
Attributive in normal use; predicative use ('the game is co-op') is rare and sounds clipped — prefer 'the game has a co-op mode'.
常見錯誤
co-op — 副詞
1. in a way where several players join forces and play together against the game, r
以合作方式
玩家組隊一起破關的玩法
in a way where several players join forces and play together against the game, rather than competing against one another.
Linh and Mia finished the whole storyline co-op in a single weekend.
Linh 和 Mia 在一個週末內就以合作方式跑完了整個劇情。
pattern: finish / beat [game] co-op
It's much easier to beat the final boss co-op than alone.
以合作方式打最終魔王，比一個人單挑要容易得多。
contrast: co-op vs alone
The friends like to play the survival levels co-op, sharing food and ammo as they go.
這群朋友喜歡以合作方式玩生存關卡，邊玩邊分享食物與彈藥。
You can play this adventure co-op with up to three other people on the same console.
這款冒險遊戲可以用同一台主機，最多和三個人一起以合作方式遊玩。
- cooperatively
the full adverb; sounds more formal and is used outside gaming contexts too
- together
broader and friendlier, but loses the specific 'on the same team against the game' meaning
- competitively
playing against each other rather than as teammates
- solo
playing on one's own, with no other human players
文法句型
play [something] co-op
用法筆記
Modifies a play-verb such as 'play', 'beat', 'finish', or 'run through'. In writing, gamers often spell it 'co-op' with the hyphen to keep it visually distinct from the noun 'coop' (a small cage for birds).