justice
/ˈdʒʌstɪs/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈdʒʌstɪs/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈjə-stəs/ (ame, mw)
justice — 名詞
- justicesingular
- justicesplural
1. the quality of treating people in a way that is fair and morally right, especial
公平；正義
以公正合理的方式對待他人
the quality of treating people in a way that is fair and morally right, especially by giving each person what they deserve without favouring one side over another
Reema's parents taught her that justice means treating everyone the same, regardless of their background.
Reema 的父母教導她，正義意味著不論背景、公平對待每一個人。
justice + means + gerund — definition pattern
The committee's decision to award the prize to both students was an act of justice.
委員會決定將獎項頒發給兩位學生，被視為一項正義之舉。
collocation: an act of justice
Amelia argued that there can be no lasting peace without social justice for all communities.
Amelia 主張，若沒有社會正義，就不可能有持久的和平。
Hassan believed the new policy would bring justice to workers who were underpaid.
Hassan 認為這項新政策有助於為多年來薪資過低的勞工帶來公平。
Min's decision to share the inheritance equally was praised as an act of simple justice.
Min 決定將遺產平分，被讚揚為一項樸實的正義之舉。
- fairness
more general and less formal; justice implies a moral or legal principle, while fairness suggests even-handed treatment in everyday situations
- equity
more formal, often used in legal or economic contexts to mean fairness based on what is deserved
- impartiality
focuses on not favouring any side; used especially in formal or official contexts
- injustice
the opposite — lack of fairness or an unfair situation
- unfairness
more general and less formal than injustice
文法句型
justice + requires + that-clause
bring + justice + to + noun phrase
social / racial / economic + justice
用法筆記
This sense is uncountable — do not use with 'a' ('a justice' means a judge, not fairness). Common in fixed phrases like 'do justice to something' and 'do yourself justice' (see idioms below).
常見錯誤
2. the system of courts, laws, and officials that a country uses to judge whether s
司法；法律
國家審判和懲罰罪犯的法律體系
the system of courts, laws, and officials that a country uses to judge whether someone has broken the law and to decide on a punishment
Christopher was determined to bring the thief to justice, no matter how long it took.
Christopher 決心要將那個小偷繩之以法，無論花多久時間。
idiom: bring [someone] to justice
After a trial lasting two years, Wren finally felt that justice had been served.
經過長達兩年的審判，Wren 終於覺得正義得到了伸張。
fixed phrase: justice was / had been served
Dylan wanted to become a lawyer and work in the criminal justice system.
Dylan 想當律師，在刑事司法體系中工作。
The Minister announced new reforms to speed up the delivery of justice in local courts.
部長宣布了新改革方案，以加速地方法院的司法運作。
Quinn studied international justice at university and later worked for the United Nations.
Quinn 在大學攻讀國際司法，後來在聯合國工作。
- crime
what the justice system exists to deal with; not a direct antonym but opposite in outcome
文法句型
justice + is + served/done
the + justice + system
bring + someone + to + justice
用法筆記
Frequently appears in fixed phrases: 'bring someone to justice' (arrest and try), 'justice is served/done' (the legal system has worked correctly), 'miscarriage of justice' (a wrong legal outcome). Also uncountable — never 'a justice' to mean the legal system.
常見錯誤
3. a judge, especially one who works in a higher court such as a Supreme Court, who
法官
高等法院負責審判的官員
a judge, especially one who works in a higher court such as a Supreme Court, whose job is to hear serious legal cases and make official decisions
The justice asked the lawyers several questions before the court took a short break.
那位法官在法庭短暫休息前，向幾位律師提出了幾個問題。
After thirty years as a lawyer, Mert became a justice of the Supreme Court.
擔任律師三十年後，Mert 成為最高法院的大法官。
collocation: justice of the [court name]
The two justices disagreed on the law, so the case was heard again.
兩位大法官對法律意見分歧，因此該案件被重新審理。
As a new justice, Sivan had to decide on difficult appeals in her first month.
作為新任大法官，Sivan 在任職第一個月就必須裁決棘手的上訴案。
- judge
general term for any court official; 'justice' is used specifically for higher courts in the US and as a title in the UK
- magistrate
handles minor cases in lower courts; less senior than a justice
文法句型
a + justice + of + the + [court name]
用法筆記
Countable — 'a justice', 'two justices'. In American English, 'justice' is the standard term for a Supreme Court judge. In British English, 'judge' is more common for most courts, while 'Justice' (with a capital J) is used as a title for High Court judges (see sense 4 below). 'Justice of the Peace' is a lower-level official in both varieties.
常見錯誤
4. a formal title placed before a senior judge's surname to indicate that they serv
大法官
高等法院法官名字前的尊稱
a formal title placed before a senior judge's surname to indicate that they serve on a High Court or Court of Appeal
The case was heard by Justice Okonkwo in the Court of Appeal last Tuesday.
該案件上週二由上訴法院的 Okonkwo 大法官審理。
usage: Justice + surname as formal title
Justice Rodriguez wrote a detailed opinion explaining the court's decision on the matter.
Rodriguez 大法官撰寫了一份詳盡的意見書，解釋法院對此事的裁決。
The official invitation was addressed to 'The Honourable Justice Chen' at the High Court.
正式邀請函的收件人寫的是「高等法院 Chen 大法官鈞啟」。
When Justice Kim entered the courtroom, the lawyers stood up as a sign of respect.
當 Kim 大法官走進法庭時，律師們起立表示敬意。
文法句型
Justice + [surname]
The Honourable Justice + [surname]
用法筆記
Always used with a surname, never a given name alone. In formal writing, the full style is 'The Honourable Justice [Surname]'. Verbally, judges are addressed as 'My Lord' or 'My Lady' (in the UK High Court) or simply 'Your Honour' (in Commonwealth countries). In the US, this title is not used — judges are called 'Judge [Surname]'.