kingdom

/ˈkɪŋdəm/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈkɪŋdəm/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈkiŋ-dəm/ (ame, mw)

kingdom — 名詞

  • kingdomsingular
  • kingdomsplural

1. a country whose head of state is a king or a queen, with the role typically pass

1.名詞B1
釋義

王國

由國王或女王統治的國家

a country whose head of state is a king or a queen, with the role typically passed from parent to child

例句

The United Kingdom has a queen as its head of state.

英國是以女王為國家元首的王國。

proper noun: the United Kingdom

Jiwoo learned about the ancient kingdom of Silla in her history class.

Jiwoo 在歷史課上學到了關於古新羅王國的知識。

同義詞
  • realm

    more poetic or formal; can also refer to non-political domains

  • monarchy

    focuses on the system of government rather than the territory

  • domain

    broader — can refer to any area of control, not necessarily royal

反義詞
  • republic

    a country without a monarch, where citizens elect their leaders

文法句型

the Kingdom of [place]

the [Adjective] Kingdom

用法筆記

Often used with 'the' in the names of specific countries, such as 'the United Kingdom' or 'the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia'.

常見錯誤

❌The Roman kingdom ruled much of Europe.
✅The Roman Empire ruled much of Europe.
💡Rome was an empire with an emperor, not a kingdom with a king.

2. a place, situation, or activity that is fully under someone's control, or one in

2.名詞B1
釋義

地盤；領域

個人掌控或某特質重要的範圍

a place, situation, or activity that is fully under someone's control, or one in which a certain quality or interest is what matters most

例句

Shirin's garden was her private kingdom, where she made all the decisions.

Shirin 的花園是她的私人王國，所有決定都由她來做。

possessive: someone's kingdom for person's domain

Minh learned that in the kingdom of fashion, popular styles can be forgotten next year.

Minh 發現，在時尚的領域裡，受歡迎的款式隔年就可能被遺忘。

同義詞
  • domain

    less emotional, more neutral; common in formal and professional contexts

  • territory

    can be literal (land) or figurative (area of responsibility)

  • realm

    slightly formal; often used for abstract areas ('the realm of politics')

文法句型

someone's kingdom

the kingdom of [quality/activity]

用法筆記

Frequently used in possessive constructions ('his kingdom', 'her kingdom') or with 'of' ('the kingdom of music'). This is a figurative extension of the literal sense — no actual king or queen is involved.

常見錯誤

❌The director's kingdom included three departments.
✅The director's domain included three departments.
💡'Kingdom' suggests very personal, almost emotional control; for professional reporting lines, use 'domain' or 'area'.

3. a particular area or type of activity or knowledge, seen as a world with its own

3.名詞B2
釋義

範疇

某種活動或知識的領域

a particular area or type of activity or knowledge, seen as a world with its own rules and people

例句

When Hamza started violin lessons at age seven, he entered the kingdom of classical music.

Hamza 七歲開始上小提琴課，從此踏入了古典音樂的領域。

pattern: the kingdom of [field]

Aoi discovered that in the kingdom of computer programming, new languages appear almost every year.

Aoi 發現，在電腦程式設計的範疇裡，幾乎每年都會出現新的程式語言。

同義詞
  • world

    more common and less formal ('the world of fashion')

  • sphere

    more formal, often used in academic contexts

  • field

    the most neutral and common word for an area of activity or study

文法句型

the kingdom of [field]

用法筆記

Almost always appears in the fixed phrase 'the kingdom of + [field]'. Unlike sense 2, this sense does not suggest personal control — it simply describes a broad area of human endeavour.

常見錯誤

❌She rules the kingdom of marketing at her company.
✅She runs the marketing department at her company.
💡Use 'kingdom of' for broad fields, not specific teams or departments.

4. one of the main groups that scientists use to sort living things and natural obj

4.名詞B1
釋義

界

生物分類中的主要類別

one of the main groups that scientists use to sort living things and natural objects by their shared features

例句

All mammals, from mice to whales, belong to the animal kingdom.

從老鼠到鯨魚，所有的哺乳類都屬於動物界。

biological classification: animal kingdom

In biology class, Pedro learned about the five kingdoms of living organisms.

在生物課上，Pedro 學到了生物的五界分類系統。

同義詞
  • division

    sometimes used in botany as equivalent to phylum, not kingdom

  • taxonomic group

    a general term for any level of classification

  • phylum

    a level below kingdom in biological classification

文法句型

the [adjective] kingdom

kingdom of [organism type]

用法筆記

Commonly paired with 'animal', 'plant', 'fungi', or 'mineral' to refer to the major biological groups. In modern taxonomy, scientists typically recognise five or six kingdoms, though some systems use a rank called 'domain' above kingdom.

常見錯誤

❌Lions belong to the kingdom of Panthera.
✅Lions belong to the animal kingdom, and their genus is Panthera.
💡'Kingdom' is the broadest grouping in traditional classification; a specific group like Panthera is a genus, not a kingdom.