melancholia
melancholia — 名詞
1. A deep feeling of sadness that continues for a long time, often without a clear
憂鬱；鬱悶
持續無因的悲傷情緒
A deep feeling of sadness that continues for a long time, often without a clear cause.
After Salma left her hometown, a quiet melancholia settled over her and lasted for months.
Salma 離開家鄉後，一種安靜的憂鬱籠罩著她，持續了好幾個月。
collocation: melancholia settled over [person]
The old photographs in the wooden box filled Stefan with a sudden, heavy melancholia.
木盒裡的老照片讓 Stefan 突然感到一陣沉重的憂鬱。
A soft melancholia in the autumn air made Lucía stop and stare at the empty garden.
秋日空氣中一股淡淡的憂鬱，讓 Lucía 停下腳步凝視著空蕩的花園。
Bao tried to hide his melancholia, but his brother noticed he was eating very little.
Bao 試圖隱藏自己的鬱悶，但他哥哥注意到他吃得非常少。
The film ended on a quiet note of melancholia, and the audience left without speaking.
電影在淡淡的憂鬱中結束，觀眾們一句話也沒說就離開了。
- melancholy
more common in everyday speech; melancholia has a more formal, literary tone
- sadness
general term; less intense and less lasting than melancholia
- gloom
stronger focus on a dark, pessimistic outlook
- cheerfulness
a bright, positive state of mind
- joy
a strong, active feeling of happiness
文法句型
melancholia + verb (singular agreement)
用法筆記
Literary and poetic contexts are the most typical setting for this sense; everyday conversation prefers sadness or low mood.
常見錯誤
2. An older medical term for a severe form of depression that involves deep despair
重度憂鬱
嚴重憂鬱的舊醫學用語
An older medical term for a severe form of depression that involves deep despair, anxiety, and physical symptoms, now generally called clinical depression.
In the 1800s, doctors often used the word melancholia to describe patients with deep despair.
在 1800 年代，醫生常用 melancholia 這個詞來描述陷入深深絕望的病人。
historical medical usage: used the word melancholia to describe
Lucía found hospital records showing that her great-grandmother was treated for melancholia in 1910.
Lucía 找到的醫院記錄顯示，她的曾祖母在 1910 年曾因憂鬱症接受治療。
The old textbook listed melancholia as a disease caused by an imbalance in the body.
那本舊教科書將 melancholia 列為一種由體內失衡所引起的疾病。
Modern doctors no longer call this condition melancholia — they use the name major depression.
現代醫生不再把這種情況稱為 melancholia，而是使用重度憂鬱症這個名稱。
Baraka read that melancholia was once treated with long bed rest and changes in diet.
Baraka 讀到，過去人們用長期臥床休息和改變飲食的方式來治療 melancholia。
- depression
the modern term; broader and used in both clinical and everyday contexts
- clinical depression
the precise modern clinical term for severe depressive illness
文法句型
melancholia + verb (singular agreement)
用法筆記
No longer used in modern medical diagnosis — the current clinical term is major depressive disorder. This sense appears mainly in historical texts or discussions of medical history.