ped
ped — 名詞
1. an abbreviation of 'performance-enhancing drug', used informally in sports news
禁藥；興奮劑
運動員非法使用的增能藥物
an abbreviation of 'performance-enhancing drug', used informally in sports news and conversation to refer to illegal substances — for example anabolic steroids or HGH — that athletes take hoping to get stronger, faster, or more competitive.
The cyclist was banned for two years after testing positive for peds.
那名自行車選手因禁藥檢測呈陽性而被禁賽兩年。
test positive for peds — standard phrase
Many sports organisations now test athletes for peds throughout the year.
許多體育組織現在全年都會對運動員進行禁藥檢測。
Theo read a news report that listed the long-term health risks of using peds.
Theo 看了一篇報導，文中列舉使用禁藥的長期健康風險。
The coach warned the young runners that taking peds could end their careers.
教練告誡年輕的跑者，服用禁藥可能會毀掉他們的職業生涯。
A random drug test found traces of peds in the weightlifter's sample.
一次隨機藥檢在這位舉重選手的樣本中發現了禁藥的痕跡。
- doping agent
more formal term used in official anti-doping rules
- steroid
one specific type of PED; not all PEDs are steroids
- banned substance
emphasises the legal status rather than the performance effect
文法句型
take / use peds
test positive for peds
用法筆記
Used primarily in sports journalism and anti-doping contexts. Typically appears in the plural form ('peds') even when referring to a single test result. The full phrase 'performance-enhancing drugs' is preferred in formal or legal writing.
常見錯誤
2. a naturally formed lump or block of soil whose shape and structure are the resul
土壤自生團粒
土壤自然形成的結構單位
a naturally formed lump or block of soil whose shape and structure are the result of the soil's physical and chemical processes, not of human digging or breaking.
The soil scientist carefully described each ped she removed from the test pit.
那位土壤科學家仔細描述了從試驗坑挖出的每一個土壤自生團粒。
ped removed from test pit — field sampling context
When the clay dries out, it breaks into small peds that look like tiny bricks.
黏土乾燥後會碎裂成許多像小磚塊一樣的土壤自生團粒。
clay dries into peds — natural formation
Farmers watch how peds form in their fields because the size affects root growth.
農夫會觀察田地裡土壤自生團粒的形成狀況，因為團粒大小會影響根部生長。
A single ped can contain sand, silt, and organic matter held together by natural cements.
一個土壤自生團粒可能含有沙、粉砂和有機物，由天然的膠結物質黏合在一起。
A diagram showed how a spade cut through soil and exposed peds in each layer.
圖解顯示鏟子切開土壤後，每一層露出的土壤自生團粒。
- soil aggregate
broader informal term for any group of soil particles clumped together
- clod
everyday word; a clod is usually broken by ploughing rather than naturally formed
用法筆記
Almost exclusively used in soil science and geology writing. Outside the field, most English speakers do not know this word.