racialism
racialism — 名詞
1. the system of laws, practices, and social structures that give people of one rac
制度歧視
法律與制度造成的種族不平等
the system of laws, practices, and social structures that give people of one race lasting advantages while treating people of other races unfairly — for example, housing policies that keep minority families out of wealthy neighbourhoods, or hiring rules that favour white applicants.
A report found that racialism in banking prevented most Indigenous applicants from getting loans.
一份報告發現，銀行業的制度歧視讓大多數原住民申請人無法取得貸款。
uncountable noun: racialism + in [sector]
The town's housing policies showed clear racialism, keeping minority families out of the wealthiest neighbourhoods.
該鎮的住房政策顯示出明顯的制度歧視，將少數族裔家庭排除在最富裕的社區之外。
Apinya showed the board that decades of racialism left poorer classrooms with fewer books.
Apinya 向學校董事會出示數據，證明教育體系中數十年的制度歧視導致貧困班級書籍更少、校舍更老舊。
Samir lost his job after speaking about racialism in the company's promotion process.
Samir 因公開談論公司晉升制度中的制度歧視而失去工作。
Many historians trace the city's racialism back to the housing laws of the 1930s.
許多歷史學家將該市的制度歧視追溯到 1930 年代的住房法規。
- institutional racism
more specific term used in academic and policy contexts for discrimination built into an organisation's rules and practices
- structural discrimination
broader term that can also cover discrimination based on gender, class, or other factors, not exclusively race
- systemic prejudice
focuses on the prejudice embedded in systems rather than the resulting unfair treatment
- racial equality
the condition in which people of all races have the same rights and opportunities
文法句型
racialism + in [sector/system]
racialism + against [group]
用法筆記
This sense focuses on structural and institutional practices rather than individual attitudes. Often appears with nouns such as 'system', 'policy', or 'law'.
常見錯誤
2. unfair treatment, insulting remarks, or hostile behaviour that come from believi
種族偏見
個人基於種族優越感的言行
unfair treatment, insulting remarks, or hostile behaviour that come from believing one racial group is naturally above others — for instance, a manager who only promotes people of his own ethnicity, or a colleague who refuses to work with someone because of their accent.
Lucía was hurt by the racialism from a colleague who refused to work with her because of her accent.
Lucía 因一名同事以她的口音為由拒絕共事而感到的種族偏見讓她很受傷。
verb collocation: face + racialism + from [person]
The manager showed racialism by only promoting staff of his own ethnic background.
這位經理只晉升與自己同族裔背景的員工，顯示出種族偏見。
Aylin decided to report the racialism she overheard in the staff room to human resources.
Aylin 決定將她在員工休息室聽到的種族偏見言論報告給人力資源部門。
Jabari's teacher dismissed his questions about Black inventors, and Jabari knew it was racialism, not ignorance.
Jabari 的老師不願回答他關於黑人發明家的問題，Jabari 知道這是種族偏見，而非無知。
Felix told customers their comments about foreign students were racialism and asked them to leave.
Felix 告訴顧客，他們對外籍學生的評論是種族偏見，並請他們離開。
- racial prejudice
very close in meaning, but 'prejudice' emphasises pre-formed negative opinions while 'racialism' can also cover behaviour based on those opinions
- bigotry
stronger and more emotional term; implies stubborn, irrational intolerance toward other groups
- open-mindedness
willingness to consider different perspectives and treat people as individuals rather than as representatives of a race
文法句型
racialism + from [person/group]
face + racialism
用法筆記
This sense focuses on individual words and actions rather than systems or abstract beliefs. Common in contexts of personal encounters, workplace behaviour, and everyday interactions.
常見錯誤
3. the ideology that a person's character, abilities, and moral worth are determine
種族至上論
認為種族決定能力與價值的信念
the ideology that a person's character, abilities, and moral worth are determined by their race, and that some racial groups are naturally superior to others — a belief system that has historically been used to justify colonialism, slavery, and discrimination.
The professor's lectures promoted racialism, claiming intelligence could be measured by skin colour.
那位教授的課程宣揚種族至上論，聲稱智力可以用膚色來衡量。
Nora was shocked to find her grandfather's books promoted a form of racialism already rejected by other countries.
Nora 震驚地發現祖父的舊書宣揚一種其他國家早已摒棄的種族至上論。
a form of racialism — quantifier + headword
Racialism was used by colonial governments to justify taking land from native peoples.
種族至上論曾被殖民政府用來合理化掠奪原住民土地的行為。
The politician's speech was filled with racialism, arguing some ethnic groups should not vote.
那位政治人物的演說充滿種族至上論，主張某些族裔群體不應投票。
Tamar wrote her university thesis on how racialism influenced the development of early psychology.
Tamar 的大學論文探討種族至上論如何影響早期心理學的發展。
- scientific racism
a historical subset of racialism that claimed to use science — now discredited — to prove racial hierarchy
- racial ideology
less charged term; describes any organised set of beliefs about race, not necessarily asserting superiority
- racial egalitarianism
the belief that all racial groups are equal in worth and potential
文法句型
belief in + racialism
racialism + as [ideology]
用法筆記
This sense refers to the abstract belief system that can give rise to both systemic discrimination (sense 1) and personal prejudice (sense 2). It is more theoretical than the other senses and is commonly discussed in historical, political, or philosophical contexts.