shock
/ʃɒk/ (bre, ipa) · /ʃɑːk/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈshäk/ (ame, mw)
shock — 名詞
1. a sudden, unexpected event or piece of news that causes a strong emotional react
震驚；打擊
突發意外引發的強烈情緒反應
a sudden, unexpected event or piece of news that causes a strong emotional reaction, especially an unpleasant one
The news of the factory closing came as a complete shock to everyone in the town.
工廠關閉的消息對鎮上每個人來說都是一個徹底的打擊。
come as a shock — unexpected news pattern
Tuan was in shock for days after receiving the unexpected bill.
收到那筆意外的帳單後，Tuan 好幾天都處於震驚狀態。
in shock — state of emotional disturbance
It was a real shock to discover that the old bridge was no longer safe to use.
發現那座老橋已經不再安全，真是讓人震驚。
The sudden death of the village doctor sent shock waves through the community.
村醫的突然去世在社區中引起了衝擊波。
Adina got the shock of her life when she saw the winning lottery numbers.
Adina 看到中獎彩券號碼時，簡直嚇了一大跳。
- expectation
the opposite of an unexpected event
文法句型
a shock
shock of [event]
用法筆記
Commonly used with verbs like 'come as', 'get', 'receive', and 'give'. The phrase 'in shock' describes a continuing state of emotional numbness, not the initial moment of surprise.
常見錯誤
2. the difficult or jarring feeling that comes with adapting to a new or unfamiliar
調適衝擊
面對新環境或變化的不適應感
the difficult or jarring feeling that comes with adapting to a new or unfamiliar situation, especially when the change is hard to get used to
Returning to work after the long holiday was a real shock to the system.
長假後回到工作崗位，真是對身體的一大考驗。
a shock to the system — idiomatic pattern
Moving from a tropical country to northern Canada was a huge cultural shock for Eliska.
從熱帶國家搬到加拿大北部，對 Eliska 來說是一場巨大的文化衝擊。
cultural shock — domain-specific collocation
The first winter in the mountains was a shock to their bodies after years of city living.
在山區度過的第一個冬天讓他們久居城市的身體難以適應。
Going from high school to university can be a shock for many young people.
從高中進入大學對許多年輕人來說可能是一個很大的衝擊。
- adjustment difficulty
more formal and descriptive
- jolt
emphasises the suddenness of the change
文法句型
a shock to the system
a shock to [noun]
用法筆記
The phrase 'a shock to the system' is the most common form of this sense and emphasises the physical or mental difficulty of adaptation. 'Culture shock' is a fixed compound noun for the disorientation felt when experiencing an unfamiliar culture.
3. the painful jolt or dangerous sensation that happens when electricity runs throu
觸電
電流通過身體造成的刺痛感
the painful jolt or dangerous sensation that happens when electricity runs through a person's or animal's body, causing muscle tightening, burns, and potentially severe harm
João got a nasty electric shock when he touched the bare wire with wet hands.
João 用濕手碰到裸露的電線時，被狠狠電了一下。
get a shock / electric shock — standard collocations
Ravi received a mild shock every time he touched the metal filing cabinet.
Ravi 每次碰到金屬檔案櫃時都會感到輕微觸電。
received a shock — alternate verb pattern with 'receive'
A mild shock from a static carpet is harmless, but a shock from a power line can kill.
地毯靜電造成的輕微觸電沒有危險，但電線的觸電可能致命。
Nellie felt a sharp shock run up her arm when she touched the broken lamp.
Nellie 碰到壞掉的檯燈時，感覺到一陣強烈的電流從手臂傳上來。
- electric shock
the full, more precise form
- jolt
informal; emphasises the sudden feeling
文法句型
get a shock
an electric shock
用法筆記
When talking about receiving electricity, 'get a shock' or 'receive an electric shock' are the standard forms. 'Electrocute' means to kill by electric shock, not just to receive one.
常見錯誤
4. a life-threatening physical state in which too little blood circulates through t
休克
因失血或重傷導致的危險生理狀態
a life-threatening physical state in which too little blood circulates through the body, typically brought on by severe injury, heavy blood loss, burns, or intense fear
The ambulance crew treated the accident victim for shock before moving her.
救護人員先為那位傷患進行休克治療，然後才移動她。
treated for shock — medical context
Without immediate treatment, a patient in shock can suffer organ damage or die.
休克患者若不及時治療，可能會器官受損甚至死亡。
in shock / go into shock — medical state pattern
The soldier went into shock after losing a large amount of blood from his leg wound.
那位士兵腿部傷口大量失血後進入了休克狀態。
Paramedics lifted the victim's legs to help maintain blood flow during shock treatment.
救護人員抬高傷者的雙腿，以幫助維持休克治療期間的血液循環。
Rachid was rushed to hospital in a state of shock after the car crash.
Rachid 在車禍後被緊急送到醫院，處於休克狀態。
文法句型
in shock
suffer from shock
go into shock
用法筆記
Do not confuse this medical sense (uncountable, clinical) with sense 1 'in shock' (temporary emotional numbness). Medical shock is a life-threatening physical condition requiring urgent treatment.
常見錯誤
5. a strong, sudden physical force caused when one object hits another, or the viol
撞擊；震動
物體碰撞產生的劇烈物理力量
a strong, sudden physical force caused when one object hits another, or the violent shaking that follows an explosion or earthquake
The shock of the bomb blast shattered windows three blocks away.
炸彈爆炸的衝擊力震碎了三個街區外的窗戶。
shock of [explosion] — physical force pattern
Modern buildings are designed to absorb the shock of an earthquake without collapsing.
現代建築的設計能夠吸收地震的衝擊力而不致倒塌。
absorb the shock — engineering collocation
The runner felt the shock of each step travel up through her knees and hips.
跑者感覺到每一步的衝擊力從膝蓋傳到臀部。
The two cars collided with a shock that could be heard from half a kilometre away.
兩輛車相撞發出的衝擊聲，半公里外都聽得到。
- impact
focuses on the moment of contact rather than the vibration
- jolt
a shorter, sharper physical shock
- concussion
medical term for shock to the brain
文法句型
the shock of [physical event]
shock from [explosion/collision]
用法筆記
Physical shock can be measured and described scientifically (shock wave, shock absorber). The verb 'to cushion' or 'to absorb' are common with this sense.
6. a strong feeling of disapproval and offence caused by behaviour or language that
道德反感
對不當言行產生的強烈不認同
a strong feeling of disapproval and offence caused by behaviour or language that someone considers morally wrong or socially unacceptable
The newspaper headline caused widespread shock among conservative readers.
那則報紙頭條在保守讀者中引起了普遍的反感。
widespread shock — collective moral reaction
To the shock of the audience, the comedian told jokes that mocked religious figures.
令觀眾震驚的是，那位喜劇演員開了嘲笑宗教人物的玩笑。
to the shock of [group] — formal reporting structure
Her parents expressed shock at the language used in the film she had watched.
她的父母對她看的那部電影所使用的語言表示震驚。
The senator's remarks provoked shock from both sides of the political debate.
參議員的言論引起了政治辯論雙方的強烈反感。
- approval
the opposite of moral offence
文法句型
shock at [behaviour]
shock that [clause]
用法筆記
This sense is often used in formal or journalistic contexts. It frequently appears with 'express', 'provoke', 'cause', or 'widespread'. In informal conversation, 'offence' or 'disgust' are more common.
7. a thick, bushy patch of hair that stands out clearly, usually on a person's head
濃密亂髮
一大團厚而顯眼的頭髮
a thick, bushy patch of hair that stands out clearly, usually on a person's head, often looking wild or tousled
The artist was known for his wild shock of white hair that stuck out in every direction.
那位藝術家以其一頭向四面八方亂翹的濃密白髮而聞名。
shock of [colour] hair — descriptive pattern
A little girl with a shock of bright red hair ran across the playground.
一個滿頭火紅濃髮的小女孩跑過操場。
Selim pushed his thick shock of black hair out of his eyes before speaking.
Selim 在說話前把臉上那頭濃密的黑髮撥開。
The old photograph showed a young soldier with a neat uniform and a shock of curly hair.
那張老照片裡是一位穿著整齊軍裝、留著一頭濃密捲髮的年輕士兵。
文法句型
a shock of [colour/type] hair
用法筆記
This sense is almost always used in the singular, followed by 'of' and a description of the hair. It is a literary or descriptive usage rather than everyday speech.
shock — 動詞
1. to cause a feeling of strong and often unpleasant surprise in someone through an
使驚訝
因出乎意料而感到驚訝（不一定帶道德判斷）
to cause a feeling of strong and often unpleasant surprise in someone through an unexpected event or piece of news
Kasia was shocked to learn that her favourite café had closed down overnight.
Kasia 得知她最喜歡的咖啡館一夜之間關門了，感到非常驚訝。
be shocked to [verb] — reaction to news pattern
The sudden drop in temperature shocked everyone who had come to the beach for the weekend.
氣溫驟降讓所有來海邊度週末的人都嚇了一跳。
It shocked Yuna to hear how much the rent had increased since last year.
聽到房租比去年漲了那麼多，Yuna 嚇了一跳。
The team was shocked by the coach's decision to quit just before the final match.
球隊對教練在決賽前辭職的決定感到震驚。
Nobody was shocked when the unpopular restaurant finally closed its doors.
那家不受歡迎的餐廳終於關門時，沒有人感到意外。
- expect
to anticipate something eliminates surprise
文法句型
shock someone
be shocked to [infinitive]
be shocked by [news]
用法筆記
This sense is milder than sense 2 (OFFEND MORALLY) — it does not imply moral judgment, only strong surprise. Often followed by 'to + infinitive' or 'to hear/find/discover/learn'.
常見錯誤
2. to strongly upset or offend someone through words or actions that violate what t
冒犯；使震驚
因言行違反道德標準而使人不悅
to strongly upset or offend someone through words or actions that violate what they consider right, decent, or socially acceptable
Many viewers were shocked by the violent scenes in the documentary.
許多觀眾對紀錄片中的暴力場面感到震驚。
be shocked by [stimulus] — passive pattern
It shocked the neighbours to discover that the old man had been living without electricity for years.
鄰居們發現那位老先生多年來一直過著沒電的生活，都感到震驚。
It shocks [person] to [verb] — impersonal construction
The politician's comments about the poor shocked many people across the country.
那位政客關於窮人的言論震驚了全國許多人。
Selim was shocked that anyone would treat an animal with such cruelty.
Selim 對有人會如此殘忍地對待動物感到震驚。
Nothing shocks Tuan anymore after fifty years of working as a criminal lawyer.
當了五十年刑事律師之後，已經沒有什麼事能讓 Tuan 感到震驚了。
- outrage
stronger; implies anger as well as offence
- scandalise
British; more formal and often relates to social norms
- horrify
stronger; suggests fear as well as disgust
- please
the opposite of causing offence
文法句型
be shocked at/by [behaviour]
shock someone that [clause]
用法筆記
Frequently used in the passive voice ('be shocked at/by'). The subject of the emotion is the person who finds something wrong, not the person who did the action. 'It shocks me that...' is a common impersonal construction.
常見錯誤
shock — 形容詞
1. describing hair that is very thick, wild, and stands out noticeably, often in a
濃密蓬亂的
形容頭髮又厚又亂
describing hair that is very thick, wild, and stands out noticeably, often in a way that seems untidy or striking
The old gardener had a shock head of grey hair that poked out from under his straw hat.
那位老園丁有一頭濃密的灰白頭髮，從草帽底下露出來。
shock head — attributive use with 'head'
His shock white hair made him easy to spot in a crowded room.
他那頭醒目的白髮讓他很容易在擁擠的房間裡被認出來。
The portrait showed a young woman with shock dark curls tumbling over her shoulders.
畫像中是一位年輕女子，有著一頭濃密深色捲髮垂落在肩上。
The toddler had shock black hair that stuck up messily after every afternoon nap.
那個學步幼兒有一頭濃密柔軟的黑髮，每次午睡後都亂翹一通。
文法句型
shock + noun (usually hair)
用法筆記
This adjective is almost exclusively used before a noun describing hair ('shock hair', 'shock head', 'shock mane'). It is somewhat literary and not common in everyday speech.