spastic
spastic — 形容詞
- spasticpositive
- more spasticcomparative
- most spasticsuperlative
1. describes a muscle or a muscle movement that becomes suddenly tight, stiff, or h
痙攣的
肌肉僵硬、無法放鬆的
describes a muscle or a muscle movement that becomes suddenly tight, stiff, or hard to relax, often because of damage to the brain or nerves that control movement
After his stroke, Mr. Chen's left arm showed spastic movements that he could not control.
陳先生中風後，他的左臂出現無法控制的痙攣動作。
spastic + noun (movements, muscles) in clinical descriptions
The physiotherapist showed Linh how daily stretches could ease the spastic muscles in her calf.
物理治療師向 Linh 示範如何透過每日伸展來舒緩她小腿的痙攣肌肉。
Dr. Okafor prescribed a muscle relaxant to reduce spastic contractions in Niran's injured arm.
Okafor 醫師開了一種肌肉鬆弛劑，來減少 Niran 受傷手臂的痙攣性收縮。
After a car accident, weekly therapy sessions relaxed the spastic muscles in Emre's right hand.
車禍後，每週的治療課程幫助 Emre 放鬆右手僵硬的痙攣肌肉。
The child's spastic muscle movements made it very hard for him to hold a pencil steadily.
這個孩子因為肌肉痙攣，很難穩穩地握住鉛筆。
用法筆記
Most often used in medical contexts to describe muscles affected by conditions such as stroke, cerebral palsy, or spinal cord injury.
常見錯誤
2. describes a medical condition in which a person's muscles stay tight or contract
痙攣性的
由神經受損導致肌肉痙攣的病況
describes a medical condition in which a person's muscles stay tight or contract suddenly and the person cannot control those movements
Cerebral palsy is one of the most common spastic conditions affecting children worldwide.
腦性麻痺是影響全球兒童最常見的痙攣性疾病之一。
spastic + condition / syndrome / disorder
The children's hospital in Taipei treats spastic disorders caused by oxygen loss during birth.
台北的兒童醫院治療因出生時缺氧而導致的痙攣性疾病。
Hassan was born with a spastic syndrome that affects the muscles in both of his legs.
Hassan 出生時就患有痙攣性症候群，影響他雙腿的肌肉。
Botulinum toxin injections helped Zola walk more easily despite her spastic diplegia.
肉毒桿菌注射幫助 Zola 在患有痙攣性雙癱的情況下走路更輕鬆。
Doctors diagnosed the baby with a spastic form of cerebral palsy shortly after birth.
醫生在嬰兒出生後不久即診斷出她患有痙攣型腦性麻痺。
- spasmodic
describes movements that come and go suddenly, more general than spastic
- convulsive
describes violent, uncontrolled muscle shaking, usually during a seizure
用法筆記
Followed by a noun that names the condition (e.g. spastic paralysis, spastic diplegia, spastic syndrome). The word is still used in clinical diagnosis but is being replaced by more precise terms in patient-facing communication.
常見錯誤
3. used as a vicious insult for someone whose movements or behaviour seem strange,
笨拙的
極度侮辱的用語，指動作怪異的人
used as a vicious insult for someone whose movements or behaviour seem strange, awkward, or uncontrolled — never say this word
Otis shouted spastic at a teammate who missed the goal, so the coach made him apologise.
Otis 對射門沒進的隊友大喊 spastic，教練便命令他向對方道歉。
shows real-world insult scenario and immediate consequence
The teenager was suspended for shouting the word spastic as an insult at a classmate with a disability.
那名青少年因為在走廊上對一名身障同學吼叫 spastic 這個侮辱詞而被停學處分。
Adina heard a stranger use the word spastic to mock an elderly man's slow walk across the street.
Adina 聽到一名陌生人用 spastic 這個詞來嘲笑一位過馬路走得慢的老人。
The British charity Scope has run campaigns condemning the use of spastic as a casual insult.
英國慈善組織 Scope 發起多次活動，譴責將 spastic 作為日常侮辱用語的行為。
Lucía explained to her younger brother why calling a clumsy friend spastic is wrong and hurtful.
Lucía 向弟弟解釋，為什麼用 spastic 來形容笨拙的朋友是錯誤且傷人的行為。
用法筆記
NEVER use this word. It causes serious emotional harm to people with disabilities and their families. The offence comes from using a medical term for a movement disorder as a general insult for clumsiness or strangeness. Alternatives: awkward, clumsy, uncoordinated.
常見錯誤
4. a term that doctors no longer use for someone affected by cerebral palsy; it was
腦麻的
過去的醫學用語(現已帶侮辱性)
a term that doctors no longer use for someone affected by cerebral palsy; it was once a clinical label but today it is considered a deeply offensive word
In the past, doctors used the term spastic to describe children born with cerebral palsy.
過去，醫生使用 spastic 這個詞來描述患有腦性麻痺的兒童。
historical medical usage: no longer acceptable
Dr. Nakamura paused at the word spastic in a 1962 neurology textbook she was cataloguing.
Nakamura 醫師在整理一本 1962 年的神經學教科書時，目光停留在 spastic 這個詞上。
historical medical usage shown through specific person and year
Owen was surprised to find the word spastic in an old medical textbook from the nineteen fifties.
Owen 在一本一九五零年代的舊醫學教科書中看到 spastic 這個詞，感到非常驚訝。
Charities for people with cerebral palsy have campaigned for years to stop all use of the word spastic.
為腦性麻痺患者服務的慈善組織多年來一直呼籲停止使用 spastic 這個詞。
Reema's grandmother still uses the word spastic, not realising how offensive it has become in modern society.
Reema 的祖母仍然在使用 spastic 這個詞，她沒有意識到這個詞在現代社會有多麼冒犯。
用法筆記
This is the sense that changed most dramatically in social acceptability. Originally a clinical term (from the 1950s–1980s), it is now avoided in both medical and everyday language. Modern alternatives: 'person with cerebral palsy' or 'someone who has cerebral palsy.'
常見錯誤
spastic — 名詞
- spasticsingular
- spasticsplural
1. a label formerly used in medicine for someone living with cerebral palsy, but no
腦麻患者
對腦性麻痺患者的侮辱性稱呼
a label formerly used in medicine for someone living with cerebral palsy, but now regarded as an unacceptable and deeply hurtful slur
In the past, people with cerebral palsy were unfairly labelled as spastics by doctors and society.
過去，腦性麻痺患者被醫生和社會不公平地貼上 spastic 的標籤。
historical context: word used as a label, now unacceptable
Salma learned that doctors once labelled her grandfather a spastic, now considered a deeply offensive term.
Salma 得知醫生曾把她祖父標籤為 spastic，這個詞現在被視為極度冒犯的用語。
personal/family story connects historical medical usage to real harm
Nila told her classmates that calling someone a spastic was harmful, and some looked uncomfortable.
Nila 告訴同學用 spastic 稱呼別人是會傷人的，有些人聽後露出了尷尬的表情。
The World Health Organization advises doctors never to use spastic as a noun for any patient.
世界衛生組織建議醫師永遠不要用 spastic 這個名詞來稱呼任何患者。
Tamás read an old medical report that referred to patients as spastics, which shocked him greatly.
Tamás 讀到一份舊醫療報告將患者稱為 spastics，對此感到非常震驚。
用法筆記
Never use this word as a noun to describe a person. The correct modern phrasing is 'person with cerebral palsy' or 'someone who has cerebral palsy.' Even quoting this word in a neutral context requires sensitivity.
常見錯誤
2. a taboo slur directed at someone regarded as unintelligent, awkward, or odd in t
白癡
侮辱用語，指愚蠢或笨拙的人
a taboo slur directed at someone regarded as unintelligent, awkward, or odd in their movements — never use this term
Children sometimes use the word spastic as a general insult, not understanding how deeply offensive it is.
小孩子有時會用 spastic 這個詞作為一般辱罵用語，但他們並不理解這個詞有多麼冒犯。
meta-comment about inappropriate use
The teacher explained why calling a classmate a spastic for making a mistake is unacceptable and hurtful.
老師解釋說，因為同學犯錯就叫他 spastic 是不可接受且會傷害人的行為。
A public education campaign tried to stop young people from using spastic to mean a stupid or clumsy person.
一項公眾教育活動試圖阻止年輕人用 spastic 來指稱愚蠢或笨拙的人。
Sayaka felt very upset when she heard someone being called a spastic just for dropping a lunch tray.
Sayaka 聽到有人只是因為打翻餐盤就被稱為 spastic，感到非常難過。
Xiu was suspended after calling a teammate a spastic at the relay race and had to apologise publicly.
Xiu 在接力賽後稱呼隊友為 spastic 而被停學處分，並被迫公開道歉。
用法筆記
This sense is a generalised insult unrelated to any actual medical condition. It is particularly common among schoolchildren but causes serious offence. Alternatives: silly, annoying, clumsy, or describe the behaviour directly without name-calling.