over

over — preposition

1. In a place above another person or thing, often with space between them.

1.介系詞B1
釋義

In a place above another person or thing, often with space between them.

例句

A glass lamp hung over the kitchen table during dinner.

hang over + noun

Dark clouds moved over Taipei just before the school parade.

move over + place

同義詞
  • above

    the closest general choice for higher position

  • higher than

    more explicit about vertical distance, but less natural in many short phrases

反義詞
  • under

    places something below another thing, often directly beneath it

  • below

    a more neutral opposite for lower position

文法句型

hang over + noun

move over + place

bridge / shelf over + noun

用法筆記

Often used for a static place or something moving through the air above a place. Distinguish from sense 2 COVERING, where one thing lies on top of or hides another.

常見錯誤

The lamp is over the tablecloth.
The lamp is above the table.
💡this sense is about higher position, not about something resting on and covering a surface.

2. On top of something so that it is partly or fully hidden, covered, or protected.

2.介系詞A2
釋義

On top of something so that it is partly or fully hidden, covered, or protected.

例句

Grandma laid a warm towel over my wet hair.

put + noun + over + noun

A blue sheet was over the cage to keep birds calm.

over + noun for covering

同義詞
  • on top of

    similar, but it does not always suggest hiding or covering

  • across

    can overlap when something lies from one side to another across a surface

反義詞
  • under

    places something beneath the covering layer instead of on it

文法句型

put + noun + over + noun

wear + noun + over + clothes

spread over + surface

用法筆記

Common with cloth, clothes, lids, and anything placed across a surface for protection or concealment. Distinguish from sense 1 HIGHER POSITION, which does not require contact or covering.

常見錯誤

A bird was over the tree all afternoon.
A net was over the tree all afternoon.
💡this sense needs the idea of covering, not just being higher in the air.

3. At a figure higher than a stated number, amount, time, or price.

3.介系詞A2
釋義

At a figure higher than a stated number, amount, time, or price.

例句

Children over twelve must buy a full train ticket.

over + age

We waited over an hour outside the clinic in heavy rain.

over + time

同義詞
  • more than

    a full phrase with the same basic meaning

  • above

    often used in charts, lists, or formal instructions

反義詞
  • under

    shows a number smaller than the one stated

  • less than

    the clearest full opposite for amount or number

文法句型

over + age

over + time

over + price / weight / number

用法筆記

Placed directly before the number or amount. It gives a fixed figure that is already higher than the one named, rather than the idea of something still rising past a limit.

常見錯誤

Children more than twelve must pay.
Children over twelve must pay.
💡'over' can go directly before an age or number in this pattern.

4. Past something and onto the far side, often by going up over it first.

4.介系詞B1
釋義

Past something and onto the far side, often by going up over it first.

例句

The boys jumped over the stream to reach the farm road.

jump over + noun

We drove over the mountain before sunrise and saw the sea.

drive over + mountain

同義詞
  • across

    the nearest match when the focus is crossing from one side to another

  • past

    can overlap when something moves beyond a barrier, but it does not always suggest going over the top

反義詞
  • along

    shows movement beside something instead of crossing it

文法句型

jump over + noun

drive over + hill / mountain

throw + noun + over + wall

用法筆記

Usually follows a verb of movement and often implies reaching the far side. Distinguish from sense 1 HIGHER POSITION, which can describe location without crossing anything.

常見錯誤

We stayed over the bridge and bought fruit.
We walked over the bridge and bought fruit.
💡this sense usually needs a movement verb that shows crossing.

5. After your foot catches on something and you lose balance.

5.介系詞
釋義

After your foot catches on something and you lose balance.

例句

Maya tripped over a toy truck in the dark hall.

trip over + object

Several runners fell over the rope near the finish line.

fall over + object

同義詞
  • on

    also common after 'trip', especially in short spoken English

文法句型

trip over + object

stumble over + object

fall over + object

用法筆記

The object after 'over' is the thing your foot hits, such as a rope, root, toy, or bag. Distinguish from sense 4 FALL FROM EDGE, which is about going off a side or edge instead of hitting an obstacle.

常見錯誤

Maya tripped above a toy truck.
Maya tripped over a toy truck.
💡with obstacles on the ground, English uses 'over' after 'trip' or 'stumble'.

6. Past a stated level, amount, or point after rising or moving beyond it.

6.介系詞A2
釋義

Past a stated level, amount, or point after rising or moving beyond it.

例句

By noon, the kitchen temperature climbed over thirty-eight degrees.

climb over + temperature limit

After lunch, ticket sales went over five thousand.

go over + number

同義詞
  • beyond

    often sounds more formal and focuses on being past a boundary

  • above

    states the higher level but is weaker on the idea of crossing it

  • past

    common when movement or progress crosses a line or point

反義詞
  • below

    shows the level stays under the stated amount

  • under

    common with prices, ages, and numerical limits

文法句型

go/rise/climb over + number

move over + limit/price/level

用法筆記

Often follows verbs such as 'go', 'rise', 'climb', or 'move'. Distinguish from preposition sense 6, which simply compares one amount with another without the idea of crossing a point.

常見錯誤

The cost increased more than fifty dollars.
The cost increased to over fifty dollars.
💡this sense shows the amount crossed a level, not just a comparison.

7. on the far side of something that separates two places.

7.介系詞B1
釋義

on the far side of something that separates two places.

例句

The post office stands over the river from our school.

over + place + from

A small cafe is over the square from City Hall.

同義詞
  • across from

    the most common everyday wording for a position opposite another place

  • beyond

    can suggest the far side of something larger or farther away

反義詞
  • on this side of

    shows the place is on the same side as the speaker or reference point

文法句型

over + river/valley/square + from

over + wall/fence

用法筆記

This is a place meaning. Distinguish from preposition sense 3, which describes movement from one side to another rather than a position on the other side.

8. through a period of time or while an activity is happening.

8.介系詞B1
釋義

through a period of time or while an activity is happening.

例句

We talked over lunch while the children fed the ducks.

over + meal

Sofia checked the map over breakfast before school.

同義詞
  • during

    the closest everyday equivalent

  • throughout

    stronger when something continues for the whole period

反義詞
  • before

    shows the action happened earlier than the time period

  • after

    shows the action happened later than the time period

文法句型

over + lunch/breakfast/dinner

over + summer/weekend/trip

用法筆記

Common with meals, holidays, weekends, and repeated shared activities. It often suggests that something developed gradually during that time.

9. past an illness or bad experience so it no longer affects you strongly.

9.介系詞
釋義

past an illness or bad experience so it no longer affects you strongly.

例句

After two weeks, Emma was finally over the flu.

be over + illness

By spring, Ken was over the car crash shock.

be over + upsetting experience

同義詞
  • recovered from

    best for illness or physical effects

  • past

    highlights getting beyond a difficult stage

  • finished with

    can fit when someone no longer cares about a past relationship or trouble

反義詞
  • still affected by

    shows the illness or experience is still having an effect

  • stuck on

    informal and often used for old feelings about a person

文法句型

be over + illness

be over + shock/breakup/disappointment

用法筆記

Most often follows 'be' and names something unpleasant that a person or group has had time to recover from. Distinguish from adjective sense 6, which means an event or period has ended, not that someone has recovered.

常見錯誤

I over the flu now.
I'm over the flu now.
💡this pattern normally needs a form of 'be' before 'over'.

10. showing the device, system, or channel used to do or communicate something.

10.介系詞B2
釋義

showing the device, system, or channel used to do or communicate something.

例句

We heard the weather warning over the car radio at dawn.

over + radio for the medium used

Nora paid the clinic bill over the phone on Tuesday.

pay over + phone

同義詞
  • via

    a concise written alternative for the channel or medium

  • through

    broader and common for method or channel

  • by

    the most general choice, but less specific about the medium

反義詞
  • in person

    shows that no device or channel is involved

  • face to face

    specifically contrasts with remote communication

文法句型

talk/hear/meet over + phone/radio/video

pay/order over + phone/app/internet

用法筆記

Common with words for communication or transaction channels, especially 'phone', 'radio', 'video', 'email', and 'app'. It usually names the medium directly after 'over'.

常見錯誤

We paid the bill on the phone.
We paid the bill over the phone.
💡for the method of doing something, English usually uses 'over' with this pattern.

11. Moving off an edge or high place and dropping below it.

11.介系詞
釋義

Moving off an edge or high place and dropping below it.

例句

During the storm, a flowerpot went over the balcony and shattered.

go over + balcony

One loose box slid over the truck's side on the sharp turn.

go over + side

同義詞
  • off

    often used when something leaves a surface and falls from it

  • down from

    states the downward movement more directly, but with less sense of crossing an edge

反義詞
  • onto

    shows movement to a surface instead of off it

文法句型

go over + balcony / side

slip over + cliff / edge

roll over + edge

用法筆記

Usually appears with edge, side, balcony, cliff, or another place where something can drop away. Distinguish from sense 3 ACROSS, where the focus is getting to the other side rather than falling down.

12. besides something already included, paid, or mentioned.

12.介系詞
釋義

besides something already included, paid, or mentioned.

例句

Students must buy their own books over and above the course fee.

over and above = in addition to

Over and above the hotel bill, we paid city tax.

同義詞
  • in addition to

    the clearest modern equivalent and much more common

  • besides

    more everyday and often less formal

  • beyond

    works especially for amounts or requirements that go further than a base level

文法句型

over and above + noun phrase

costs/benefits over and above + basic amount

用法筆記

Much more common in the phrase 'over and above' than as plain 'over'. It is often used in formal information about costs, duties, or benefits.

13. used after nouns naming feelings, arguments, or discussion to show their cause o

13.介系詞C2
釋義

used after nouns naming feelings, arguments, or discussion to show their cause or subject.

例句

Parents voiced concern over the broken playground gate.

concern over + problem

The town held a long debate over weekend traffic.

debate over + topic

同義詞
  • about

    the broad everyday choice for the topic of a feeling or discussion

  • concerning

    more formal and often used in writing

  • because of

    fits when the noun mainly points to a cause rather than a topic

文法句型

concern/anger/doubt over + noun

debate/argument/dispute over + noun

用法筆記

Usually follows nouns such as 'concern', 'anger', 'debate', 'dispute', or 'doubt'. It is less natural after verbs that already take a direct object, such as 'discuss'.

常見錯誤

They discussed over the new rule.
They discussed the new rule.
💡this sense usually follows a noun like 'discussion' or 'debate', not the verb 'discuss'.

14. showing who is in charge of, responsible for, or teaching a person, group, or ac

14.介系詞C2
釋義

showing who is in charge of, responsible for, or teaching a person, group, or activity.

例句

Dr. Chen has authority over the research team in Taipei.

authority over + group or team

Professor Malik is over the first-year writing class this summer.

be over + class you teach or supervise

同義詞
反義詞
  • under

    shows a lower position in rank or direction

  • answerable to

    emphasises reporting to someone with higher authority

文法句型

authority/control over + person or group

be over + class/team/department

用法筆記

Often follows nouns such as 'authority', 'control', or 'power'. In school or workplace contexts, 'be over + group/class' can mean being the person teaching or supervising it.

常見錯誤

Professor Malik is above the writing class this term.
Professor Malik is over the writing class this term.
💡'above' shows physical position; this sense of 'over' shows authority or teaching responsibility.

15. used in maths when reading a division sum aloud, before the number that divides

15.介系詞
釋義

used in maths when reading a division sum aloud, before the number that divides the first one.

例句

In math class, 24 over 6 equals 4 on the whiteboard today.

number over number in division reading

The worksheet showed 15 over 3 beside a row of apples.

同義詞
  • divided by

    the standard full phrase for this mathematical operation

  • slash

    an informal way to read the written symbol, especially on screens or notes

文法句型

24 over 6

x over y

用法筆記

Mostly heard when teachers or students read sums aloud. In formal written notation, the division sign or fraction bar usually carries this meaning without the word.

over — adverb

over — adjective

over — prefix

over — verb

over — noun