trained
/treɪnd/ (bre, ipa) · [trˈend] /treɪnd/ (ame, ipa) · [trˈend] /ˈtrān How to pronounce train (audio)/ (ame, mw)
trained — adjective
- trainedpositive
- trainedercomparative
- trainedestsuperlative
1. having learned the skills and gained the knowledge needed to perform a specific
having learned the skills and gained the knowledge needed to perform a specific type of work or take part in a sport, typically through instruction and repeated practice
The clinic only employs fully trained nurses with at least three years of hospital experience.
fully trained + noun (professional role)
A trained eye can spot the difference between a real painting and a copy within seconds.
trained eye/nose/ear — body part metaphor for skill
Nkechi adopted a trained dog that could guide people with vision problems.
After six months of classes, Marco is now a trained electrician working for a local company.
The rescue team includes specially trained firefighters who know how to handle dangerous materials.
- qualified
more official — having passed exams or gained a certificate
- experienced
emphasises practical knowledge from doing the work, not just instruction
- skilled
focuses on the ability to do something well, not how the skill was obtained
- untrained
lacking the necessary instruction or practice
- inexperienced
having little practical knowledge of the work
用法筆記
Adjective sense of the past participle; a person who is trained has completed the learning process. Compare with 'in training' (still learning).
常見錯誤
2. in computing, referring to an artificial-intelligence system that has been given
in computing, referring to an artificial-intelligence system that has been given a large set of data to learn from so that it can recognise patterns or make decisions on its own
Dr. Sade used a trained model to scan chest X-rays and flag any that showed signs of pneumonia within seconds.
trained model — standard ML collocation; concrete medical scenario
The team used a trained algorithm to sort through thousands of customer reviews and find common complaints.
Emre uploaded new data so the trained system could learn to recognise different bird species by their calls.
The trained spam filter kept deleting real customer orders because it had only learned from personal emails, not business messages.
- untrained
an ML system that has not yet been given data to learn from
用法筆記
Common in technical discussions of artificial intelligence and data science. The opposite is 'untrained model' (one not yet fed with learning data).
常見錯誤
trained — noun
1. a group of connected carriages or wagons that move along metal tracks, pulled by
a group of connected carriages or wagons that move along metal tracks, pulled by an engine, used for carrying people or goods
The train from Taipei to Kaohsiung takes about ninety minutes on the high-speed line.
train + from [place] to [place]
Aoi missed the last train home and had to take a taxi instead.
Freight trains carry coal, grain, and other heavy goods across the country every day.
The children waved excitedly as the toy train circled the track in the park.
Passengers are asked to stand behind the yellow line until the train has stopped at the platform.
用法筆記
The most common sense of 'train' as a noun. In British English, the engine is called a 'locomotive'; in American English, 'train' can also refer to the entire railway service.
常見錯誤
2. a line of people, vehicles, or animals moving slowly one behind the other, often
a line of people, vehicles, or animals moving slowly one behind the other, often as part of a ceremony or formal occasion
A long train of cars followed the hearse to the cemetery on the morning of the funeral.
train of [cars/vehicles/people] — procession pattern
The wedding train wound through the old town, with guests throwing flower petals at the couple.
A train of camels crossed the desert, each animal carrying heavy bags of salt.
Tourists stood on both sides of the street to watch the carnival train pass by.
- procession
more general — any formal moving line, not necessarily stretched out
- cortege
formal, used specifically for a funeral procession
- cavalcade
a procession of riders or vehicles, often celebratory
用法筆記
Often used with 'of' to specify what is moving in the line. The word 'cortege' is a formal synonym for a funeral train.
3. a long section of a piece of clothing, a comet, or another object that hangs dow
a long section of a piece of clothing, a comet, or another object that hangs down or stretches out behind it as it moves
The bride's dress had a long white train that stretched four metres behind her as she walked down the aisle.
the train of a dress/gown — clothing context
The comet's bright train of gas and dust became visible as it passed near the sun.
train of a comet — astronomy context
Lotte asked her friend to hold the train of her evening gown so it would not touch the muddy ground.
The peacock spread its feathers, and the long blue train behind it shimmered in the sunlight.
用法筆記
When referring to clothing, 'train' is most common for wedding dresses and formal gowns. Comet trains are also called 'tails'.
4. a connected sequence of events, actions, or thoughts that follow one after anoth
a connected sequence of events, actions, or thoughts that follow one after another, often leading to a final result
The accident was caused by a whole train of events that started with a missed safety check.
train of events — fixed collocation
Iris could not follow the train of thought in the lecture because the professor jumped between topics.
train of thought — fixed collocation
A train of angry phone calls followed the company's decision to close the local factory.
The novel describes a train of misfortunes that eventually push the main character to leave her home.
Rafael lost his train of thought when someone suddenly knocked on the office door.
用法筆記
Very commonly used in the fixed phrases 'train of thought' (the direction of someone's thinking) and 'train of events' (a connected series of happenings). The idea is one thing leading naturally to the next.
常見錯誤
5. a set of linked machine components like wheels, pulleys, or cogs that work toget
a set of linked machine components like wheels, pulleys, or cogs that work together to carry movement from one section of a device to another
The gear train in this bicycle allows the rider to change speed easily when going up a hill.
gear train — standard engineering term
Minho carefully oiled the train of gears inside the old clock to keep it running smoothly.
A simple train of three pulleys can lift heavy boxes with much less effort than doing it by hand.
The engineer designed a new gear train that transfers power from the engine to the wheels more efficiently.
- gear system
less precise — any arrangement of gears
- transmission
refers to the whole mechanism that changes speed and power in a vehicle
用法筆記
Technical term used in engineering and mechanics. Often preceded by a specifying word like 'gear train', 'pulley train', or 'planetary train'.
6. the group of vehicles, soldiers, equipment, and animals that carry food, weapons
the group of vehicles, soldiers, equipment, and animals that carry food, weapons, and other supplies to support a fighting unit during military operations
The supply train followed a few kilometres behind the front line, carrying ammunition and food for the soldiers.
supply train / baggage train — standard military term
During the war, the army's train of wagons was guarded by at least fifty armed soldiers day and night.
When the bridge was destroyed, the entire military train carrying medical supplies had to find another route.
History books describe how the baggage train of the Roman army included carts for tents, food, and tools.
- supply column
modern term for the same concept
- baggage train
historical term, specifically for personal equipment and supplies
- convoy
a group of vehicles travelling together for protection
用法筆記
Mostly found in historical or military writing. In modern armies, the same function is usually called a 'supply column' or 'logistics convoy'.
trained — verb
- trainedpresent simple I / you / we / they
- traineds3rd person singular
- traineding-ing form
- trainededpast simple
1. to teach a person or animal the skills, knowledge, or behaviour needed for a par
to teach a person or animal the skills, knowledge, or behaviour needed for a particular job, sport, or activity through regular instruction and practice
Gabriela trains new employees to use the company's ordering system during their first week.
train + object + to-infinitive
The dogs are trained to detect dangerous substances at airports and border crossings.
passive: be trained to + infinitive
Adisa has been training for the city marathon every morning since January.
Takeshi is training as a chef at a famous restaurant in Tokyo.
The coach trained the team six days a week until they won the national championship.
- neglect
to fail to give someone the instruction they need
文法句型
train + object + to-infinitive
train + object + in/as/for
train (intransitive) + for
用法筆記
Can be used transitively (train someone) or intransitively (train for something). The transitive pattern 'train someone to do something' is the most common structure.
常見錯誤
2. to make a plant grow in a particular direction or into a particular shape by cut
to make a plant grow in a particular direction or into a particular shape by cutting, tying, or bending its stems and branches
Tanvi trained the rose bush to climb up the wooden fence beside her front door.
train + plant + to + direction/preposition
The gardener trained the ivy along the wall of the house, covering the bare bricks with green leaves.
Farmers train young grapevines over wire supports so the fruit gets plenty of sunlight.
Tunde trained the bonsai tree into an elegant shape by carefully trimming its branches over several years.
文法句型
train + plant + along/up/over/against
用法筆記
Primarily used in gardening and horticulture. The object is always a plant or part of a plant. Common prepositions: 'up', 'along', 'over', 'against', 'around'.
3. to point a gun, camera, light, or similar device directly at a target so that it
to point a gun, camera, light, or similar device directly at a target so that it is aimed correctly
The photographer trained his camera on the eagle's nest and waited for the bird to return.
train + camera + on + target
Soldiers trained their rifles at the target during the early morning practice session.
Anya trained the torch beam on the dark path ahead so her friend could see where to step.
All three security cameras were trained on the entrance to the bank throughout the night.
文法句型
train + weapon/camera + on/at/upon + target
用法筆記
The preposition 'on' is most common, though 'at' and 'upon' also appear. The passive form is frequent ('was trained on').
常見錯誤
4. to be pulled along behind something as it moves, or to cause something to hang d
to be pulled along behind something as it moves, or to cause something to hang down and drag behind
The bride's long veil trained along the stone floor behind her as she walked to the altar.
train along [surface] — literary sense of dragging
The child's scarf came untied and trained through the mud behind his sled.
Apinya's silk scarf came loose and trained behind her in the wind as she rode her bicycle down the hill.
A long purple scarf trained behind the little girl as she ran across the playground.
文法句型
train + behind/along
用法筆記
A literary or old-fashioned sense in modern English. In everyday language, 'trail' or 'drag' is preferred. Most learners will encounter this sense in older novels or poetry.
5. to travel by railway train, usually to or from a particular place
to travel by railway train, usually to or from a particular place
Adina trained from Manchester to Edinburgh every weekend to visit her elderly mother.
train + from [place] + to [place]
Devika and her husband trained across Europe for three weeks, stopping at a different city each day.
Eleni and her flatmate trained from Vienna to Salzburg for the weekend music festival.
Rather than flying, the family trained from Paris to Rome so the children could see the countryside.
- travel by train
the more common and natural expression for most learners
- go by rail
more formal or old-fashioned
文法句型
train (intransitive) + to/from/out West
train it (dated)
用法筆記
Less common than 'travel by train' or 'take the train'. More frequent in British English than American. The noun phrase 'travel by train' is the preferred modern form for most learners.