chronically

IPA/ˈkrɒnɪkli/
KK[krˈɑnɪkəli]IPA/ˈkrɑːnɪkli/

chronically — 副詞

1. used when something bad has been happening for an extremely long time and seems

1.副詞B2
釋義

長期地；慢性

持續很長時間且難以改善或治癒

used when something bad has been happening for an extremely long time and seems impossible to stop or fully fix.

例句

The regional hospital has been chronically understaffed for more than a decade.

這家區域醫院十多年來一直長期人手不足。

chronically + past participle (understaffed) — common pattern

Layla has suffered from chronically inflamed sinuses since childhood.

Layla 從小就飽受慢性鼻竇發炎所苦。

chronically + adjective (inflamed) — medical context

常見搭配
  • chronically ill
  • chronically underfunded
  • chronically understaffed
  • chronically homeless
  • chronically short of
  • chronically inflamed
  • chronically depressed
同義詞
  • persistently

    similar meaning but more neutral in register; less tied to medical or problem contexts

  • continually

    suggests repetition with possible gaps, not necessarily a single uninterrupted condition

  • constantly

    implies unbroken continuity; can be used for short timespans that chronically cannot

反義詞
  • temporarily

    opposite time frame — a short, limited duration rather than a long one

  • briefly

    describes something that lasts a short time

文法句型

chronically + adjective

chronically + past participle

chronically + short of + noun

用法筆記

Most common before adjectives and past participles that describe problems, illnesses, or shortages. Almost always carries a negative connotation — do not use it for positive long-term situations.

常見錯誤

He was chronically late to work this week.
He was constantly late to work this week.
chronically requires a long time frame (months or years), not a single week.
They have been chronically happy together.
They have been consistently happy together.
chronically is used for negative conditions, not positive ones.

同根字

  • chronic
    形容詞B2
  • chronicity
    名詞C1

常見搭配

名詞搭配

  • chronically ill patients
  • chronically homeless population
  • chronically underfunded system

副詞搭配

  • more chronically
  • most chronically

常用片語

  • chronically short of
  • chronically in need of