commission
commission — 動詞
1. to select a person or company and pay them to create something according to your
委託；委任
正式委託某人創作特定作品
to select a person or company and pay them to create something according to your instructions, such as a painting, a building design, or a research report
The museum commissioned a local artist to paint a mural for the new exhibition hall.
博物館委託一位當地藝術家為新展廳畫壁畫。
commission + person + to-infinitive
The government has commissioned a study on the effects of noise pollution in cities.
政府已委託進行一項關於城市噪音污染影響的研究。
passive: has been commissioned
Kofi spent two years on the portrait he was commissioned to paint for the university.
Kofi 花了兩年時間繪製那幅受大學委託的肖像畫。
The film director commissioned a young composer to write the soundtrack for her new movie.
那位電影導演委託一位年輕作曲家為她的新電影配樂。
- cancel
to call off a previously commissioned piece of work
文法句型
commission + person + to-infinitive
commission + work
用法筆記
Frequently used in the passive when the focus is on the person receiving the work. The subject is often an institution (museum, government, company) or a wealthy individual.
常見錯誤
2. to formally appoint someone to a military position such as lieutenant or captain
任命
授予軍官銜及職權
to formally appoint someone to a military position such as lieutenant or captain, giving them the authority that comes with that rank
After completing the training programme, Diego was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the navy.
完成訓練課程後，Diego 被任命為海軍少尉。
passive: be commissioned as [rank]
The army commissioned twelve new officers during the graduation ceremony last Friday.
陸軍在上週五的畢業典禮上任命了十二名新軍官。
commission + number + officers
Priya hopes to be commissioned after she finishes her military academy studies next summer.
Priya 希望明年夏天從軍校畢業後能被任命為軍官。
During the conflict, several experienced soldiers were directly commissioned as officers without attending the academy.
戰爭期間，幾位有經驗的士兵未經軍校訓練就直接被任命為軍官。
- discharge
to remove someone from military service
文法句型
commission + person + as + rank
用法筆記
Almost always passive or reflexive in meaning. Only used for military contexts; not used for police, fire departments, or corporate ranks.
常見錯誤
commission — 名詞
1. a team of individuals chosen by an authority to look into a problem, collect fac
委員會
受官方指派調查或監管特定事務的小組
a team of individuals chosen by an authority to look into a problem, collect facts, or suggest solutions
The European Commission proposed new rules to protect consumer data online.
歐盟委員會提出了保護消費者線上資料的新規定。
proper noun: European Commission
A special commission was set up to investigate the causes of the factory explosion.
當局成立了一個特別委員會來調查工廠爆炸的原因。
set up / establish a commission
The city planning commission meets every month to discuss new building projects.
都市計劃委員會每月開會討論新的建築項目。
Yara served on the health commission for five years before becoming its chairperson.
Yara 在健康委員會任職五年後成為該委員會主席。
用法筆記
Takes a singular or plural verb depending on whether the group is seen as a single unit ('the commission has decided') or as individuals ('the commission have disagreed').
常見錯誤
2. money paid to a salesperson, agent, or company that is calculated as a percentag
佣金；抽成
按銷售額百分比計算的報酬
money paid to a salesperson, agent, or company that is calculated as a percentage of the value of the goods or services that they sell
Real estate agents earn a commission of about five percent on each house they sell.
房地產經紀人通常每賣出一棟房子可賺取約百分之五的佣金。
collocation: earn a commission on [product]
Tomás works on commission, so his monthly income changes from month to month.
Tomás 靠抽成賺錢，所以他的每月收入逐月變化。
work on commission (payment system)
The sales team received a generous commission for selling two hundred cars in one quarter.
業務團隊因為一季內賣出兩百輛汽車而獲得一筆豐厚的佣金。
Nina gets a ten percent commission on every insurance policy she sells to new customers.
Nina 每賣出一份保險給新客戶就能賺取百分之十的佣金。
- percentage
refers only to the rate, not the actual money paid
- cut
informal; a share of profits or earnings
- kickback
negative connotation; implies illegal or unethical payment
- salary
fixed regular payment, not tied to sales performance
文法句型
commission on + product/service
用法筆記
Uncountable when referring to the payment system ('she works on commission') and countable when referring to a specific payment ('she earned three commissions this month').
常見錯誤
3. a formal request made to a creative professional, such as an artist or writer, a
委託案
正式委託創作的特定作品
a formal request made to a creative professional, such as an artist or writer, asking them to produce something and promising to pay them for it
The architect received a commission to design a new public library in the town centre.
那位建築師接到委託案，要為市中心設計一座新的公共圖書館。
collocation: receive a commission to [verb]
Kofi's latest commission was a series of sculptures for a private collector in Tokyo.
Kofi 最新的委託案是為東京一位私人收藏家製作一系列雕塑。
The composer wrote the symphony as a commission from the national orchestra.
這位作曲家的交響曲是應國家交響樂團的委託而創作的。
Hana turned down several small commissions so she could focus on her own painting style.
Hana 婉拒了幾個小型的委託案，以便專注於自己的繪畫風格。
- assignment
less formal; can apply to any task, not just creative work
- project
broader; does not imply a formal request from a client
- contract
focuses on the legal agreement rather than the creative request
文法句型
commission + to-infinitive
用法筆記
Closely related to verb sense 1 (REQUEST WORK). When 'commission' is a noun, the focus is on the project itself; when it is a verb, the focus is on the act of requesting it.
常見錯誤
4. the carrying out of an illegal action; the fact that someone has done something
犯行
犯罪行為的實施
the carrying out of an illegal action; the fact that someone has done something against the law
The police are investigating the commission of several serious crimes in the area.
警方正在調查該地區多起重大案件的犯行過程。
collocation: the commission of [crime]
The court heard detailed evidence about the commission of the fraud over a five-year period.
法庭聽取了關於該詐騙案在五年期間如何實施的詳細證據。
The new law increases the penalties for the commission of drug-related offences.
新法加重了對毒品相關犯罪的刑罰。
Witnesses described the commission of the robbery in great detail during the trial.
證人在審判中詳細描述了搶劫案的犯案過程。
- perpetration
more formal; emphasizes the carrying out of a harmful or criminal act
- execution
broader; can apply to any plan, not just crimes
- prevention
stopping a crime before it happens
文法句型
the commission of + crime/offence
用法筆記
Almost always used in formal legal writing or court language. In everyday speech, people say 'committing a crime' rather than 'the commission of a crime'. The word is uncountable and typically followed by 'of + crime/offence'.
常見錯誤
5. a formal paper that grants a person the rank and duties of a military leader suc
軍官任命
授予軍階及職權的正式文書
a formal paper that grants a person the rank and duties of a military leader such as a captain or colonel, together with the position this rank brings
Upon receiving his commission, Rohan was assigned to a unit stationed near the border.
Rohan 接獲軍官任命後，被派駐到邊境附近的單位。
receive a commission (military appointment)
Nadia holds a commission as an air force captain and has served ten years.
Nadia 擔任空軍上尉，已服役十年。
hold a commission as [rank]
The young officer resigned his commission after twelve years of active service.
那位年輕軍官在服役十二年後辭去了軍職。
A commission in the royal navy requires several years of specialised training and exams.
要在皇家海軍獲得軍官任命，需要經過數年的專門訓練和考試。
- appointment
broader; applies to any official position, not just military
- rank
the level of authority itself rather than the formal document conferring it
- enlistment
joining the military as a non-officer (enlisted personnel)
文法句型
hold a commission
commission as/in + branch
用法筆記
Closely related to verb sense 2 (MAKE OFFICER). When used as a noun, the focus is on the rank and document itself. Contrast with 'enlistment', which refers to joining as a non-officer (enlisted personnel).