project
/ˈprɒdʒekt/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈprɑːdʒekt/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈprä-ˌjekt -jikt also ˈprō-/ (ame, mw) · /prəˈdʒekt/ (bre, ipa) · /prəˈdʒekt/ (ame, ipa)
project — 名詞
- projectsingular
- projectsplural
1. a task or set of activities with a specific aim, finished step by step across da
專案；項目
有明確目標的計劃性工作
a task or set of activities with a specific aim, finished step by step across days or months and usually involving several people.
The city council approved a new project to build a public library near the river.
市議會核准了一項新專案，要在河邊興建一座公共圖書館。
collocation: project + to-infinitive for goal
Benjamin joined a research project on solar energy at the university last spring.
Benjamin 去年春天加入了大學一個關於太陽能的研究專案。
A team of engineers is working on a project to improve the city's water system.
一組工程師正在進行一項改善城市供水系統的專案。
The software project was finished two months ahead of the original deadline.
那個軟體專案比原訂期限早了兩個月完成。
Nikhil presented his project proposal to the board of directors this morning.
Nikhil 今早向董事會提出了他的專案企劃。
- undertaking
more formal; suggests something ambitious or difficult
- scheme
British English; sometimes implies a plan that is not fully developed
- venture
emphasizes risk or business context
2. a task given to students that requires them to study a subject in detail and pre
專題報告
學生針對特定主題所做的研究
a task given to students that requires them to study a subject in detail and present what they have learned.
Ilan built a model of the solar system for her science project.
Ilan 為了她的自然科專題作業，製作了一個太陽系模型。
collocation: science / history / art project
The teacher told the class to work on their history projects in groups of four.
老師要全班分組進行歷史專題作業。
Hoa spent the whole weekend finishing her project on ancient Chinese inventions.
Hoa 花了整個週末完成她關於中國古代發明的專題報告。
Students must hand in their end-of-term projects by next Friday afternoon.
學生必須在下週五下午之前繳交期末專題報告。
Each student chose a different country to study for the geography project.
每個學生選了一個不同的國家作為地理專題的主題。
- assignment
broader term; can be a single exercise rather than a long study
- report
focuses on the written output rather than the whole task
- presentation
emphasizes the spoken component of a school project
3. apartment blocks or houses financed by the government to provide low-cost homes
國宅
政府為低收入家庭建造的住宅區
apartment blocks or houses financed by the government to provide low-cost homes for families with limited income.
The city built a new housing project for low-income families near the train station.
市政府在火車站附近為低收入家庭新建了一處國宅社區。
variety: American English; collocation: housing project
Padma's family moved into the housing project after their rent became too high.
Padma 一家人因為房租漲得太高，搬進了國宅社區。
The housing project includes a playground, a small clinic, and a community center.
這處國宅社區包含一座遊樂場、一間小診所和一個社區活動中心。
A group of volunteers runs an after-school program at the local housing project.
一群志工在當地的國宅社區舉辦課後輔導活動。
- public housing
more neutral term; less specific to a single group of buildings
- housing development
broader; can be privately built as well
- housing estate
British English equivalent for a group of houses built together
用法筆記
Frequently shortened to 'the projects' in informal American English. This sense is rare in British English.
常見錯誤
project — 動詞
- projectpresent simple I / you / we / they
- projects3rd person singular
- projecting-ing form
- projectedpast simple
1. to use available information to calculate or predict a future amount, number, or
預測；推算
根據已知資訊估算未來情況
to use available information to calculate or predict a future amount, number, or situation.
The company projects that its sales will grow by 15 percent next year.
該公司預測明年銷售額將成長 15%。
project + that-clause for future estimate
The cost of the new bridge is projected at 2 billion dollars.
這座新橋樑的成本預估為 20 億美元。
passive: be projected at [amount]
Economists project that housing prices will keep rising in the capital.
經濟學家預測首都的房價將持續上漲。
Kofi projects a 10 percent increase in profits for the next quarter.
Kofi 預測下一季利潤將增加 10%。
Student numbers are projected to reach 5,000 by the year 2030.
到 2030 年，學生人數預計將達到 5000 人。
文法句型
project + that-clause
be projected + to-infinitive
project + noun phrase + at [amount]
用法筆記
Frequently used in the passive voice. Typical subjects are companies, governments, or research institutions rather than individuals making personal guesses.
常見錯誤
2. to send something hurtling forward by pushing or flinging it, often at high spee
拋出；投擲
用力向前扔或推
to send something hurtling forward by pushing or flinging it, often at high speed.
The ancient catapult projected a heavy stone over the castle wall during the siege.
古代的投石機在圍城戰中把一塊沉重的石頭拋過城牆。
The goalkeeper projected himself forward to block the ball from entering the goal.
守門員奮力向前撲出，阻擋球進入球門。
Molten rock was projected high into the air when the volcano erupted.
火山爆發時，熔岩被高高地噴射到空中。
A powerful stream of water was projected from the fire hose across the street.
一道強勁的水柱從消防水帶中噴出，越過街道。
- catch
receiving instead of sending forward
用法筆記
Formal or literary register. For everyday physical throwing, 'throw' or 'hurl' are more common.
3. to make your voice or singing travel clearly so that people at a distance can he
使聲音傳遠
讓聲音清楚傳到遠處
to make your voice or singing travel clearly so that people at a distance can hear you.
The singer learned to project her voice to fill the concert hall without a microphone.
那位歌手學會了如何不用麥克風就能讓聲音傳遍音樂廳。
collocation: project one's voice
Lukas struggled to project his voice over the noise of the cheering crowd.
Lukas 很難在歡呼的人群噪音中讓大家聽到他的聲音。
Actors train to project their voices so the audience in the back row can hear.
演員都受過訓練，能讓最後一排的觀眾也聽得到他們說話。
The teacher projected her voice across the playground to call the children inside.
老師提高音量喊話，讓操場上的孩子們進教室。
Even without a microphone, the speaker's voice projected clearly to the whole room.
即使沒有麥克風，演講者的聲音仍清楚地傳遍了整個房間。
- carry
intransitive — 'Her voice carries well' means the same as 'projects well'
文法句型
project + voice / sound + direction
用法筆記
Often used with 'voice' as the object. The verb can also be used intransitively: 'Her voice projects well in large spaces.'
常見錯誤
4. to make a picture, film, or light appear on a flat surface such as a screen or w
投射；投影
將影像或光線映在平面上
to make a picture, film, or light appear on a flat surface such as a screen or wall.
The teacher projected a map of Taiwan onto the whiteboard for the geography lesson.
老師將一張臺灣地圖投射在白板上進行地理課教學。
collocation: project [image] onto [surface]
We projected the film onto a white sheet hung between two trees in the garden.
我們把電影投射在花園裡兩棵樹之間掛著的白布上。
During the presentation, Mauricio projected his slides onto the screen using a laptop.
在簡報時，Mauricio 用筆電將投影片投射在螢幕上。
The planetarium projects images of stars and planets onto the ceiling of the dome.
天文館將星星和行星的影像投射在圓頂的天花板上。
A small handheld device can project a smartphone screen onto a wall for easier viewing.
一台小型裝置可以將手機畫面投射到牆上，方便觀看。
文法句型
project + noun + onto + noun
5. to assume, often in error, that another person has the same emotions, wishes, or
投射（心理）
把自己的情感歸因於他人
to assume, often in error, that another person has the same emotions, wishes, or shortcomings that you yourself have, without being aware of this transfer.
Bao accused his colleague of being dishonest, but he was just projecting his own mistakes.
Bao 指責同事不誠實，但他其實是在投射自己犯的錯。
informal: 'projecting' as shorthand for psychological projection
Walid projected his anger about losing his job onto his wife and children at home.
Walid 將失業的怒氣發洩到妻子和孩子身上。
In therapy, Sivan realized she had been projecting her childhood fears onto her partner.
在諮商中，Sivan 意識到自己一直把童年恐懼投射在伴侶身上。
Her therapist told Nellie she was projecting her own stress onto her friend's laziness.
她的諮商師告訴 Nellie，她把自己的壓力投射到朋友的懶散上。
Parents sometimes project their own unfulfilled dreams onto their children without meaning to.
父母有時會不自覺地把自己未實現的夢想寄託在孩子身上。
文法句型
project + emotion/quality + onto + somebody
用法筆記
Common in psychology as 'projection' (noun). In everyday conversation, people say 'You're projecting' to mean someone is accusing others of faults they themselves have.
常見錯誤
6. to show a particular quality, attitude, or image to other people through your ap
展現；傳達
透過言行表達某種形象或特質
to show a particular quality, attitude, or image to other people through your appearance or behavior.
The politician tried to project an image of honesty and strength during the interview.
那位政治人物在採訪中努力展現出誠實又強勢的形象。
collocation: project an image of [quality]
Sivan projects quiet confidence even when she feels nervous before a big exam.
Sivan 在大考前即使緊張，仍然散發出沉穩自信的氣質。
The company projects a friendly, modern image through its advertisements and store design.
這家公司透過廣告和店面設計，傳達出友善又現代化的形象。
Through his calm voice and steady gaze, Benjamin projected a sense of authority.
Benjamin 沉穩的聲音和堅定的眼神，散發出一種權威感。
A good teacher projects warmth and interest in every student's progress in the class.
好的老師會對班上每個學生的進步展現出關懷和熱忱。
- convey
softer; suggests the impression is received naturally rather than deliberately sent
- communicate
broader; can be verbal or non-verbal
- emit
more formal; suggests the quality flows out unconsciously
文法句型
project + noun phrase (quality / image)
用法筆記
The object is always an abstract quality (confidence, authority, warmth) or 'image' followed by 'of'. Unlike sense 4, no physical screen or surface is involved.
常見錯誤
7. to stick out from a surface or extend beyond the edge of something.
突出；伸出
從表面或邊緣向外延伸
to stick out from a surface or extend beyond the edge of something.
A wooden beam projects out from the wall of the old house near the roof.
老房子屋頂附近的牆上有一根木樑伸出來。
collocation: project from / out from
The balcony projects over the street, giving shade to the pavement below.
陽台突出於街道上方，為下方的人行道提供遮蔭。
Rocks projected from the surface of the cliff along the steep hiking trail.
沿著陡峭的登山步道，岩石從懸崖表面突出。
The top of the old tower projects above the trees in the forest around it.
古塔的頂端突出於周圍森林的樹冠之上。
A small shelf projects from the kitchen wall, holding jars of spices and herbs.
廚房牆上伸出一塊小架子，擺放著香料罐和香草。
文法句型
project + adverb/preposition (from / over / beyond / into)
用法筆記
Intransitive; always followed by a preposition or adverb indicating direction (from, over, beyond, into, out). 'Protrude' is a more common synonym.