with
/wɪð/ (bre, ipa) · /wɪð/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈwit͟h ˈwith wət͟h, wəth/ (ame, mw)
with — 介系詞
1. in the company of someone, or next to or near something — indicating that two or
和⋯一起
與他人同處或一同做某事
in the company of someone, or next to or near something — indicating that two or more persons or objects occupy the same location or join in an activity.
Abigail went to the park with her younger brother.
Abigail 和她弟弟一起去公園。
with + person: showing accompaniment
I left my keys with the receptionist at the front desk.
我把鑰匙留在櫃檯接待員那裡。
The Watanabe family stayed with friends in Tokyo for a week.
渡邊一家在東京的朋友家住了整整一週。
Daichi usually eats lunch with his colleagues in the office kitchen.
Daichi 通常和同事在辦公室廚房一起吃午餐。
There is a red bicycle parked with several scooters near the station.
車站附近停放著一輛紅色腳踏車,旁邊還有幾臺機車。
- alongside
more formal, often literal physical position
- together with
emphasises the collective nature of the action
- without
the opposite state — not in someone's company
文法句型
with + noun phrase
用法筆記
Frequently used to show that two or more people do something together. The object can be a person, a group, or an organization.
常見錯誤
2. using a particular tool, object, body part, or method to perform an action.
用;以
使用工具、身體部位或方法做某事
using a particular tool, object, body part, or method to perform an action.
Liam cut the paper with a pair of small blue scissors.
Liam 用一把藍色小剪刀剪紙。
with + tool: means or instrument
The soup is best eaten with a spoon, not a fork.
這碗湯最好用湯匙喝,不要用叉子。
Ravindra opened the box with his bare hands because he had no knife.
Ravindra 沒有刀,就徒手把盒子打開了。
You can pay with a credit card or with cash at the counter.
你可以在櫃檯用信用卡或現金付款。
Quan wrote the address on the envelope with a black felt-tip pen.
Quan 用一支黑色奇異筆在信封上寫地址。
- by means of
more formal; used in written or technical contexts
- via
used for digital or abstract methods
文法句型
with + noun phrase (tool, body part, or method)
用法筆記
Do not confuse with 'by' + -ing (which emphasises the method in a more abstract way). 'With' is used for concrete tools and body parts.
常見錯誤
3. having or carrying a particular thing; used to describe what a person or object
有;帶有
擁有或包含某種特徵或物品
having or carrying a particular thing; used to describe what a person or object possesses, contains, or shows.
A woman with a red umbrella walked quickly through the rain.
一位撐著紅色雨傘的女士快步穿過雨中。
person + with + object: carrying or holding
Lara lives in a small house with a blue front door and a garden.
Lara 住在一棟有藍色前門和花園的小房子裡。
Mert ordered a cup of coffee with no sugar and a little milk.
Mert 點了一杯不加糖、加一點牛奶的咖啡。
The children were jumping on a trampoline with a safety net around it.
孩子們在有安全網的彈跳床上跳來跳去。
Adaeze chose a jacket with deep pockets for her hike in the mountains.
Adaeze 為了去山上健行選了一件口袋很深的外套。
- containing
more formal; used for physical contents of a container or space
- featuring
used for products, events, or creative works
- without
lacking a particular feature or item
文法句型
noun phrase + with + noun phrase (feature)
用法筆記
Common in descriptive phrases placed after a noun ('a man with a beard', 'a room with a view'). This is the main sense used for physical attributes and features.
常見錯誤
4. placed before a closing expression like 'love' or 'best wishes', right above the
敬祝;謹致
書信結尾用語後再接署名
placed before a closing expression like 'love' or 'best wishes', right above the sender's signature in a written message.
With love from your Auntie Mei — she wrote this at the bottom of her card.
愛你的梅阿姨——她在卡片下方寫了這句話。
with love: affectionate closing
Sirin finished her email to the professor with kind regards and her full name.
Sirin 以「誠摯問候」和自己的全名為寫給教授的信件結尾。
With best wishes for a speedy recovery, your colleague Gabriel.
謹祝早日康復,您的同事 Gabriel 敬上。
Darius ended every letter to his grandmother with all my love, Darius.
Darius 寫給他奶奶的每一封信都以「滿滿的愛,Darius」作結。
Élise wrote with sincere thanks at the bottom of the wedding invitation reply.
Élise 在婚禮邀請函回函底下寫了「由衷感謝」。
文法句型
with + noun phrase (at the start of a letter closing)
用法筆記
Primarily used in British English letter conventions. Common phrases include 'with love', 'with best wishes', 'with kind regards', and 'with thanks'. These phrases appear directly before the signature.
5. used to say that someone or something is counted as part of a larger total or gr
包括
計入某個總數或群體之中
used to say that someone or something is counted as part of a larger total or group.
The hotel room costs ninety dollars a night, with breakfast included.
這間飯店房間每晚九十美元,包括早餐。
with + item: included in the price
With the new students, the class now has forty-two children in total.
加上新來的學生,這個班級現在總共有四十二個孩子。
The team has twelve members, with three of them joining just last month.
這個團隊有十二名成員,其中三位是上個月才加入的。
Liam packed everything he needed — with a raincoat and extra socks too.
Liam 把所有需要的東西都打包好了——連雨衣和備用襪子也帶上了。
Adaeze counted all the guests, with the children sitting at the small table.
Adaeze 數了所有賓客,包括坐在小桌旁的孩子們。
- excluding
leaving something out of a group or total
文法句型
with + noun phrase (indicating something is part of a group)
用法筆記
Often interchangeable with 'including' itself. This sense differs from sense 1 (TOGETHER) because it focuses on the numerical or categorical inclusion of someone or something, not on physical co-presence.
6. relating to or affecting a particular person or thing; used to show the connecti
關於;對
表示與某人事物有關或對待的方式
relating to or affecting a particular person or thing; used to show the connection between two facts, people, or situations.
Things are going well with the project, and we will finish on time.
這個專案進展順利,我們會如期完成。
with + abstract noun: state of affairs
There is a problem with the old printer — it keeps jamming every morning.
那臺舊印表機有問題——每天早晨都卡紙。
The manager was very patient with the new staff during their first week.
主管對新進員工在第一週非常有耐心。
With many children, the earlier you start dinner, the smoother the evening goes.
就許多孩子而言,越早開飯,晚上就越順利。
Ravindra noticed something strange with the car engine after driving for an hour.
Ravindra 開車一小時後注意到引擎有點不對勁。
- regarding
more formal; used in written and business contexts
- concerning
formal; introduces a topic
文法句型
with + noun phrase (indicating connection or perspective)
用法筆記
Common in expressions like 'What's wrong with…?', 'What's the matter with…?', and 'something is different with…'. Distinguish from sense 1 (TOGETHER) — this sense expresses a relationship or connection, not physical togetherness.
常見錯誤
7. Used to describe the substance, material, or items that fill a container, cover
裝滿;覆蓋
表示容器或表面上存在某物
Used to describe the substance, material, or items that fill a container, cover a surface, or are present on something — for example, a bag packed with clothes, a wall covered with paintings, or a jar filled with honey.
Joon opened the box and found it packed with old family photographs.
Joon 打開盒子,發現裡面裝滿了舊的家庭照片。
pattern: packed with [items]
The little girl's hands were covered with chocolate after eating the cake.
小女孩吃完蛋糕後,兩隻手都沾滿了巧克力。
A large jug filled with cold lemonade sat on the wooden table.
一大壺裝滿冰涼檸檬水的壺子放在木桌上。
The walls of the old temple were decorated with colourful paintings.
古廟的牆壁上裝飾著色彩鮮豔的畫作。
Her backpack was stuffed with books and snacks for the long journey.
她的背包裡塞滿了書籍和零食,以備長途旅行之需。
文法句型
be + covered / filled / packed + with [something]
用法筆記
Often follows past participles such as 'covered', 'filled', 'packed', 'stuffed', 'decorated'. The pattern 'verb + with + noun' describes what is on or inside the subject.
常見錯誤
8. Shows the reason for a physical state, emotion, or reaction — the cause that pro
由於;因為
表示情緒或狀態的原因
Shows the reason for a physical state, emotion, or reaction — the cause that produces a visible effect such as trembling, blushing, crying, or brightening.
Layla's voice was shaking with fear during the loud thunderstorm.
Layla 在隆隆的雷聲中害怕得聲音都在發抖。
pattern: shaking/trembling + with + [emotion]
Tanvi's eyes were bright with excitement when she saw the birthday gift.
Tanvi 看到生日禮物時,雙眼因興奮而閃閃發光。
The old bridge collapsed with the weight of the heavy truck.
那座老橋因承受不住重型卡車的重量而坍塌了。
His face was pale with shock after hearing the terrible news.
他聽到那個壞消息後,臉色震驚得發白。
Amani's hands were trembling with cold as she waited outside in the snow.
Amani 在雪中等候時冷得雙手不停顫抖。
- because of
more explicit and formal; works in any grammatical position
- due to
formal; often used in written English
- from
informal alternative in phrases like 'weak from hunger'
文法句型
[emotion/state] + with + [cause]
用法筆記
Common after adjectives or verbs describing visible emotional or physical states: 'trembling with', 'shaking with', 'red with', 'pale with', 'bright with'. The noun after 'with' names the cause, and the verb/adjective before it names the effect.
常見錯誤
9. Indicates opposition, conflict, or competition — used after verbs of arguing, fi
對抗
表示衝突、爭論或競爭對象
Indicates opposition, conflict, or competition — used after verbs of arguing, fighting, struggling, or competing to name the opposing person, group, or thing.
Amani argued with the shop assistant about the faulty phone.
Amani 就手機故障的問題與店員發生了爭論。
pattern: argue / fight + with + [somebody]
The young team competed with experienced players from around the world.
這支年輕的隊伍與來自世界各地的經驗豐富選手進行了比賽。
Sirin had a disagreement with her colleague over the project deadline.
Sirin 與同事因專案的截止日期產生了分歧。
The government is struggling with rising prices across the whole country.
政府正在與全國各地日益高漲的物價抗爭。
Jude fought with his cousin over who could use the computer first.
Jude 和他的表弟為了誰先用電腦而打了起來。
- against
stronger sense of active resistance; more direct opposition
文法句型
argue / fight / compete + with + [somebody]
用法筆記
Common after verbs of conflict: 'fight with', 'argue with', 'compete with', 'struggle with', 'disagree with'. Unlike 'against', 'with' in this sense is the standard preposition after these verbs — not a free choice.
常見錯誤
10. Used after verbs of separating, ending, or removing to show what is being let go
與…分開
表示分離、捨棄或告別
Used after verbs of separating, ending, or removing to show what is being let go of, gotten rid of, or left behind — for example, parting with an old possession or doing away with an old rule.
Christopher found it hard to part with his old laptop even though it was broken.
Christopher 發現即使舊筆電已經壞了,他還是很難割捨它。
pattern: part with [possession]
The school decided to do away with the outdated uniform policy.
學校決定廢除過時的制服規定。
Tanvi could not bear to part with her grandmother's silver ring.
Tanvi 捨不得與祖母留下的銀戒指分開。
Sirin broke with tradition and chose to wear a colourful dress to the ceremony.
Sirin 打破傳統,選擇在典禮上穿一件色彩繽紛的洋裝。
The musician had to part with his favourite guitar to pay for his studies.
那位音樂人為了支付學費,不得不賣掉他最心愛的吉他。
文法句型
part / separate / dispense + with + [something/somebody]
用法筆記
This sense is restricted to a fixed set of verb collocations: 'part with' (give away, separate from), 'do away with' (abolish, eliminate), 'break with' (end a connection to a tradition or group). These are phrasal combinations where 'with' cannot be replaced by another preposition.
常見錯誤
11. Used to add one thing or person to another, meaning 'and also' or 'as well as' —
和;以及
表示附加或搭配的關係
Used to add one thing or person to another, meaning 'and also' or 'as well as' — listing items that come together as a set, such as a meal with a drink or a house with a garden.
Chiara ordered pasta with tomato sauce and a glass of water.
Chiara 點了番茄醬義大利麵和一杯水。
pattern: [item] + with + [accompaniment]
The apartment comes with a parking space and a storage room.
這間公寓附帶一個停車位和一間儲藏室。
Hao packed a suitcase with warm clothes for the winter trip to Japan.
Hao 為前往日本的冬季旅行收拾了一個裝滿保暖衣物的行李箱。
The book, with its clear illustrations, is a great tool for beginners.
這本書附有清晰的插圖,是初學者的絕佳學習工具。
Layla made a salad with fresh tomatoes and olives from the market.
Layla 用市場買來的新鮮番茄和橄欖做了一道沙拉。
- and
simpler and more direct; 'with' adds a sense of combination
- plus
informal; frequently used in pricing or listing contexts
- together with
more formal; emphasises the combined nature
- without
lacking or not including
文法句型
[noun phrase] + with + [noun phrase]
用法筆記
Closely related to sense 1 (ACCOMPANY), but emphasises the additive 'and also' function rather than physical togetherness. Often substitutes for 'and' when introducing an associated feature or component.
12. Used to show how one person or thing is different from another when placed side
與…相比
表示比較兩者的差異
Used to show how one person or thing is different from another when placed side by side for evaluation — often appearing in the phrases 'compared with', 'compare with', or 'in comparison with'.
Compared with last winter, this year has been much warmer and drier.
與去年冬天相比,今年暖和乾燥了許多。
pattern: compared with [reference point]
Jason's salary is low compared with his colleagues in the same industry.
Jason 的薪水與同行的同事相比偏低。
This phone model is much lighter compared with the previous version.
這款手機與前一代相比輕了許多。
The cost of living in the city is high in comparison with the countryside.
城市的生活開銷與鄉下相比要高出許多。
Sofia's test score was excellent compared with the rest of the class.
Sofia 的考試成績與班上其他人相比表現優異。
- compared to
more common in American English; often used interchangeably
- in relation to
more formal; less specific to direct comparison
文法句型
compare + with + [something]
compared with + [something]
in comparison with + [something]
用法筆記
Most common in the fixed expressions 'compared with' and 'in comparison with'. Note that some speakers use 'compared to' interchangeably, though traditional grammar distinguishes them ('compared with' for similarities and differences, 'compared to' for stating a likeness).
常見錯誤
13. agreeing with or supporting someone, or supporting a particular idea or plan
支持
同意或支持某人或某立場
agreeing with or supporting someone, or supporting a particular idea or plan
The union is with the workers on the issue of higher wages.
工會在加薪議題上支持勞工。
with + [group] + on + [topic]
Samir is with Yasmin on the decision to expand the business.
Samir 支持 Yasmin 拓展業務的決定。
Are you with me on this proposal, or do you have doubts?
你支持這項提案嗎,還是有所保留?
The entire committee was with the chairperson on the budget changes.
整個委員會都支持主席提出的預算變更。
Voters who care about education should be with the candidate who supports schools.
關心教育議題的選民應該支持推動學校改革的那位候選人。
- against
opposite meaning, as in 'be against someone or something'
文法句型
be with + [person] + on + [issue]
用法筆記
Frequently used with the verb 'be' — the structure is 'be with someone on something.' Often appears in contexts of voting, negotiation, or debate.
常見錯誤
14. aligned with a moving force or natural flow, such as a current, wind, or tide
順著
與風向、水流等相同方向
aligned with a moving force or natural flow, such as a current, wind, or tide
The boat drifted with the current toward the open sea.
小船順著海流漂向大海。
with + [current] (natural force)
Élise was cycling with the wind, so the ride felt easy.
Élise 順風騎車,所以騎起來很輕鬆。
Cut the fabric with the grain instead of against it.
請順著布料的紋理裁剪,不要逆向裁剪。
The geese flew south with the changing season each autumn.
每年秋天,雁群會順著季節的變化飛往南方。
Yael swam with the current at the beach and reached the buoy quickly.
Yael 在海灘順著海流游泳,很快就游到了浮球。
- following
verb form; 'with' is more concise in prepositional phrases
- in the direction of
longer equivalent phrase, less common in everyday speech
- against
opposite direction or contrary movement
文法句型
with + [natural force: current, wind, tide]
用法筆記
Often contrasted with 'against' in the same context ('with the wind' vs. 'against the wind'). Can be used literally (direction of movement) or figuratively ('go with the flow').
常見錯誤
15. happening or changing at the same speed or at the same time as another developme
隨著
與某進程同步發生或變化
happening or changing at the same speed or at the same time as another development or process
The price of bread at Ziad's shop rose with the cost of flour.
Ziad 店裡的麵包價格隨著麵粉成本上漲。
with + [cost/item] showing parallel economic change
Eshe's confidence grew with each art show she organised at the community centre.
Eshe 的信心隨著她在社區中心舉辦的每一場藝展而成長。
Hugo's Spanish improved with each evening class he took at the local college.
Hugo 的西語能力隨著他在當地大學上的每一堂課而進步。
The pain in Anong's knee decreased with the new treatment.
Anong 膝蓋的疼痛隨著新的治療而減輕。
With every lesson, Hiro's understanding of the subject grew deeper.
隨著每一堂課,Hiro 對這門學科的理解越來越深入。
文法句型
with + [noun] (change or development)
with every/each + [noun]
用法筆記
This sense links two factors that change together — one often causes or influences the other. Common with verbs like 'increase,' 'decrease,' 'grow,' 'improve,' and 'change.'
常見錯誤
16. understanding and following what someone is explaining or telling you
聽懂;跟上
理解對方正在說的話
understanding and following what someone is explaining or telling you
The teacher spoke quickly, but the class was with her.
老師說得很快,但全班都跟得上她的節奏。
be with + [person] = understand that person
Are you with me, or should I go back over the main points?
你有聽懂我的意思嗎,還是需要我再講一遍重點?
I am not with you — could you explain that part again?
我沒聽懂你的意思——能請你再解釋那部分嗎?
Ravindra was with the speaker throughout the entire presentation.
Ravindra 從頭到尾都聽得懂講者的內容。
Keep explaining — I am with you on every step of the argument.
繼續解釋,你的每一個論點我都跟得上。
- lose
as in 'lose track of someone's explanation'
文法句型
be with + [somebody]
not be with + [somebody]
用法筆記
Almost always used with the verb 'be.' Most common in questions ('Are you with me?') and negative statements ('I'm not with you'). Informal register — in formal writing, use 'follow' or 'understand.'
常見錯誤
17. even though a difficult or negative situation exists; in spite of a particular c
儘管
即使存在困難仍然發生
even though a difficult or negative situation exists; in spite of a particular circumstance
With all her experience, she still felt nervous before big meetings.
儘管經驗豐富,她在重大會議前還是會感到緊張。
With + all [noun] — concessive meaning
With the rain pouring down, the match continued without stopping.
儘管大雨傾盆,比賽仍持續進行沒有中斷。
With very little sleep, Ilan managed to finish the report on time.
儘管睡眠不足,Ilan 還是設法按時完成了報告。
With the budget so tight, the team still delivered a great result.
儘管預算非常有限,團隊仍然交出亮眼的成果。
With all his bravery, Walid quietly asked for help when he needed it.
儘管 Walid 很有膽量,他在需要幫助時還是會小聲請求。
- despite
more explicit concessive preposition, formal register
- in spite of
slightly more emphatic than 'despite', same register
文法句型
With + [noun phrase], [clause showing contrasting result]
用法筆記
Sentence-initial 'With + noun phrase' creates a concessive meaning ('despite X, Y happened'). Can be rephrased using 'despite' or 'in spite of' for formal contexts. The noun phrase typically describes an obstacle or surprising condition.
常見錯誤
18. used in exclamations to express a strong wish, hope, or direct command, often in
但願;命令
用感嘆句表達願望或指令
used in exclamations to express a strong wish, hope, or direct command, often in short fixed phrases
Off with his head! shouted the queen in fury.
「砍下他的頭!」皇后憤怒地喊道。
fixed exclamation: off with + [noun] — command
Down with the old rules and up with the new ideas!
打倒舊規則,擁抱新想法!學生們高喊著。
Away with you — this area is for staff only!
走開——這裡只有工作人員才能進入!
With any luck, the sun will come out for the picnic.
但願野餐時會出太陽。
With a bit of luck, we will catch the early train.
運氣好的話,我們可以搭上早班火車。
- hopefully
adverb, equivalent for wish/hope expressions like 'with any luck'
- let's have
less forceful instruction equivalent
文法句型
[adverb] + with + [noun/pronoun]
With + any/a bit of + [noun], [clause]
用法筆記
This sense covers two related patterns: (a) exclamations with 'off/down/away/up + with + noun' to give commands, and (b) 'With any/a bit of luck' to express hope. Both are fixed, idiomatic patterns — you cannot substitute other adverbs freely.