with

/wɪð/ (bre, ipa) · /wɪð/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈwit͟h ˈwith wət͟h, wəth/ (ame, mw)

with — 介系詞

1. in the company of someone, or next to or near something — indicating that two or

1.介系詞A1
釋義

和⋯一起

與他人同處或一同做某事

in the company of someone, or next to or near something — indicating that two or more persons or objects occupy the same location or join in an activity.

例句

Abigail went to the park with her younger brother.

Abigail 和她弟弟一起去公園。

with + person: showing accompaniment

I left my keys with the receptionist at the front desk.

我把鑰匙留在櫃檯接待員那裡。

同義詞
  • alongside

    more formal, often literal physical position

  • together with

    emphasises the collective nature of the action

反義詞
  • without

    the opposite state — not in someone's company

文法句型

with + noun phrase

用法筆記

Frequently used to show that two or more people do something together. The object can be a person, a group, or an organization.

常見錯誤

I am agree with you.
I agree with you.
💡'agree' does not take 'be'; use 'agree with' directly.
She came with.
She came with me.
💡'with' must be followed by an object; it is not used alone.

2. using a particular tool, object, body part, or method to perform an action.

2.介系詞A2
釋義

用;以

使用工具、身體部位或方法做某事

using a particular tool, object, body part, or method to perform an action.

例句

Liam cut the paper with a pair of small blue scissors.

Liam 用一把藍色小剪刀剪紙。

with + tool: means or instrument

The soup is best eaten with a spoon, not a fork.

這碗湯最好用湯匙喝,不要用叉子。

同義詞
  • by means of

    more formal; used in written or technical contexts

  • via

    used for digital or abstract methods

文法句型

with + noun phrase (tool, body part, or method)

用法筆記

Do not confuse with 'by' + -ing (which emphasises the method in a more abstract way). 'With' is used for concrete tools and body parts.

常見錯誤

She opened the door with a key.
correct
💡this is the standard pattern for tools and instruments.

3. having or carrying a particular thing; used to describe what a person or object

3.介系詞A2
釋義

有;帶有

擁有或包含某種特徵或物品

having or carrying a particular thing; used to describe what a person or object possesses, contains, or shows.

例句

A woman with a red umbrella walked quickly through the rain.

一位撐著紅色雨傘的女士快步穿過雨中。

person + with + object: carrying or holding

Lara lives in a small house with a blue front door and a garden.

Lara 住在一棟有藍色前門和花園的小房子裡。

同義詞
  • containing

    more formal; used for physical contents of a container or space

  • featuring

    used for products, events, or creative works

反義詞
  • without

    lacking a particular feature or item

文法句型

noun phrase + with + noun phrase (feature)

用法筆記

Common in descriptive phrases placed after a noun ('a man with a beard', 'a room with a view'). This is the main sense used for physical attributes and features.

常見錯誤

She is with long hair.
She has long hair.' or 'She is a girl with long hair.
💡'with' follows a noun; it does not replace 'have' in a subject-verb structure.

4. placed before a closing expression like 'love' or 'best wishes', right above the

4.介系詞B1
釋義

敬祝;謹致

書信結尾用語後再接署名

placed before a closing expression like 'love' or 'best wishes', right above the sender's signature in a written message.

例句

With love from your Auntie Mei — she wrote this at the bottom of her card.

愛你的梅阿姨——她在卡片下方寫了這句話。

with love: affectionate closing

Sirin finished her email to the professor with kind regards and her full name.

Sirin 以「誠摯問候」和自己的全名為寫給教授的信件結尾。

文法句型

with + noun phrase (at the start of a letter closing)

用法筆記

Primarily used in British English letter conventions. Common phrases include 'with love', 'with best wishes', 'with kind regards', and 'with thanks'. These phrases appear directly before the signature.

5. used to say that someone or something is counted as part of a larger total or gr

5.介系詞B1
釋義

包括

計入某個總數或群體之中

used to say that someone or something is counted as part of a larger total or group.

例句

The hotel room costs ninety dollars a night, with breakfast included.

這間飯店房間每晚九十美元,包括早餐。

with + item: included in the price

With the new students, the class now has forty-two children in total.

加上新來的學生,這個班級現在總共有四十二個孩子。

同義詞
  • including

    more explicit about counting or listing; 'with' is less formal

  • plus

    used in informal speech for adding items

反義詞
  • excluding

    leaving something out of a group or total

文法句型

with + noun phrase (indicating something is part of a group)

用法筆記

Often interchangeable with 'including' itself. This sense differs from sense 1 (TOGETHER) because it focuses on the numerical or categorical inclusion of someone or something, not on physical co-presence.

6. relating to or affecting a particular person or thing; used to show the connecti

6.介系詞B1
釋義

關於;對

表示與某人事物有關或對待的方式

relating to or affecting a particular person or thing; used to show the connection between two facts, people, or situations.

例句

Things are going well with the project, and we will finish on time.

這個專案進展順利,我們會如期完成。

with + abstract noun: state of affairs

There is a problem with the old printer — it keeps jamming every morning.

那臺舊印表機有問題——每天早晨都卡紙。

同義詞
  • regarding

    more formal; used in written and business contexts

  • concerning

    formal; introduces a topic

文法句型

with + noun phrase (indicating connection or perspective)

用法筆記

Common in expressions like 'What's wrong with…?', 'What's the matter with…?', and 'something is different with…'. Distinguish from sense 1 (TOGETHER) — this sense expresses a relationship or connection, not physical togetherness.

常見錯誤

I am agree with you.
I agree with you.
💡see sense 1 note; this error is common across multiple senses and learners should memorise the verb + with pattern.

7. Used to describe the substance, material, or items that fill a container, cover

7.介系詞B1
釋義

裝滿;覆蓋

表示容器或表面上存在某物

Used to describe the substance, material, or items that fill a container, cover a surface, or are present on something — for example, a bag packed with clothes, a wall covered with paintings, or a jar filled with honey.

例句

Joon opened the box and found it packed with old family photographs.

Joon 打開盒子,發現裡面裝滿了舊的家庭照片。

pattern: packed with [items]

The little girl's hands were covered with chocolate after eating the cake.

小女孩吃完蛋糕後,兩隻手都沾滿了巧克力。

文法句型

be + covered / filled / packed + with [something]

用法筆記

Often follows past participles such as 'covered', 'filled', 'packed', 'stuffed', 'decorated'. The pattern 'verb + with + noun' describes what is on or inside the subject.

常見錯誤

The box was filled of toys.
The box was filled with toys.
💡Use 'with', not 'of', after 'filled' to describe what something contains.

8. Shows the reason for a physical state, emotion, or reaction — the cause that pro

8.介系詞B1
釋義

由於;因為

表示情緒或狀態的原因

Shows the reason for a physical state, emotion, or reaction — the cause that produces a visible effect such as trembling, blushing, crying, or brightening.

例句

Layla's voice was shaking with fear during the loud thunderstorm.

Layla 在隆隆的雷聲中害怕得聲音都在發抖。

pattern: shaking/trembling + with + [emotion]

Tanvi's eyes were bright with excitement when she saw the birthday gift.

Tanvi 看到生日禮物時,雙眼因興奮而閃閃發光。

同義詞
  • because of

    more explicit and formal; works in any grammatical position

  • due to

    formal; often used in written English

  • from

    informal alternative in phrases like 'weak from hunger'

文法句型

[emotion/state] + with + [cause]

用法筆記

Common after adjectives or verbs describing visible emotional or physical states: 'trembling with', 'shaking with', 'red with', 'pale with', 'bright with'. The noun after 'with' names the cause, and the verb/adjective before it names the effect.

常見錯誤

She was happy with the good news.' (ambiguous — could mean 'pleased about')
She was jumping with joy at the good news.
💡Use physical effect + 'with' + cause to show causation clearly.

9. Indicates opposition, conflict, or competition — used after verbs of arguing, fi

9.介系詞B1
釋義

對抗

表示衝突、爭論或競爭對象

Indicates opposition, conflict, or competition — used after verbs of arguing, fighting, struggling, or competing to name the opposing person, group, or thing.

例句

Amani argued with the shop assistant about the faulty phone.

Amani 就手機故障的問題與店員發生了爭論。

pattern: argue / fight + with + [somebody]

The young team competed with experienced players from around the world.

這支年輕的隊伍與來自世界各地的經驗豐富選手進行了比賽。

同義詞
  • against

    stronger sense of active resistance; more direct opposition

反義詞
  • for

    supporting, not opposing

  • with

    in the sense of 'supporting or on the same side as'

文法句型

argue / fight / compete + with + [somebody]

用法筆記

Common after verbs of conflict: 'fight with', 'argue with', 'compete with', 'struggle with', 'disagree with'. Unlike 'against', 'with' in this sense is the standard preposition after these verbs — not a free choice.

常見錯誤

I competed against James with a race.
I competed with James in a race.
💡Use 'with' (not 'against') after 'compete' to name the opponent.

10. Used after verbs of separating, ending, or removing to show what is being let go

10.介系詞B1
釋義

與…分開

表示分離、捨棄或告別

Used after verbs of separating, ending, or removing to show what is being let go of, gotten rid of, or left behind — for example, parting with an old possession or doing away with an old rule.

例句

Christopher found it hard to part with his old laptop even though it was broken.

Christopher 發現即使舊筆電已經壞了,他還是很難割捨它。

pattern: part with [possession]

The school decided to do away with the outdated uniform policy.

學校決定廢除過時的制服規定。

文法句型

part / separate / dispense + with + [something/somebody]

用法筆記

This sense is restricted to a fixed set of verb collocations: 'part with' (give away, separate from), 'do away with' (abolish, eliminate), 'break with' (end a connection to a tradition or group). These are phrasal combinations where 'with' cannot be replaced by another preposition.

常見錯誤

I separated from my phone.
I parted with my phone.
💡Use 'part with', not 'separate from', when talking about giving away or selling a possession.

11. Used to add one thing or person to another, meaning 'and also' or 'as well as' —

11.介系詞A2
釋義

和;以及

表示附加或搭配的關係

Used to add one thing or person to another, meaning 'and also' or 'as well as' — listing items that come together as a set, such as a meal with a drink or a house with a garden.

例句

Chiara ordered pasta with tomato sauce and a glass of water.

Chiara 點了番茄醬義大利麵和一杯水。

pattern: [item] + with + [accompaniment]

The apartment comes with a parking space and a storage room.

這間公寓附帶一個停車位和一間儲藏室。

同義詞
  • and

    simpler and more direct; 'with' adds a sense of combination

  • plus

    informal; frequently used in pricing or listing contexts

  • together with

    more formal; emphasises the combined nature

反義詞

文法句型

[noun phrase] + with + [noun phrase]

用法筆記

Closely related to sense 1 (ACCOMPANY), but emphasises the additive 'and also' function rather than physical togetherness. Often substitutes for 'and' when introducing an associated feature or component.

12. Used to show how one person or thing is different from another when placed side

12.介系詞B1
釋義

與…相比

表示比較兩者的差異

Used to show how one person or thing is different from another when placed side by side for evaluation — often appearing in the phrases 'compared with', 'compare with', or 'in comparison with'.

例句

Compared with last winter, this year has been much warmer and drier.

與去年冬天相比,今年暖和乾燥了許多。

pattern: compared with [reference point]

Jason's salary is low compared with his colleagues in the same industry.

Jason 的薪水與同行的同事相比偏低。

同義詞
  • compared to

    more common in American English; often used interchangeably

  • in relation to

    more formal; less specific to direct comparison

文法句型

compare + with + [something]

compared with + [something]

in comparison with + [something]

用法筆記

Most common in the fixed expressions 'compared with' and 'in comparison with'. Note that some speakers use 'compared to' interchangeably, though traditional grammar distinguishes them ('compared with' for similarities and differences, 'compared to' for stating a likeness).

常見錯誤

Compare with this book, that one is cheaper.
Compared with this book, that one is cheaper.
💡Use the past participle 'compared', not the bare verb 'compare', at the start of a comparison phrase.

13. agreeing with or supporting someone, or supporting a particular idea or plan

13.介系詞B1
釋義

支持

同意或支持某人或某立場

agreeing with or supporting someone, or supporting a particular idea or plan

例句

The union is with the workers on the issue of higher wages.

工會在加薪議題上支持勞工。

with + [group] + on + [topic]

Samir is with Yasmin on the decision to expand the business.

Samir 支持 Yasmin 拓展業務的決定。

同義詞
  • support

    a verb, not a preposition; 'be with' is more conversational

  • side with

    phrasal verb with a similar meaning, often used in conflicts

  • back

    verb meaning to give support, more active in tone

反義詞
  • against

    opposite meaning, as in 'be against someone or something'

文法句型

be with + [person] + on + [issue]

用法筆記

Frequently used with the verb 'be' — the structure is 'be with someone on something.' Often appears in contexts of voting, negotiation, or debate.

常見錯誤

I agree with you on that point' (correct but can replace with 'I am with you on that point' for the same meaning).
I am with you on that point.
💡'be with' and 'agree with' are interchangeable here.

14. aligned with a moving force or natural flow, such as a current, wind, or tide

14.介系詞A2
釋義

順著

與風向、水流等相同方向

aligned with a moving force or natural flow, such as a current, wind, or tide

例句

The boat drifted with the current toward the open sea.

小船順著海流漂向大海。

with + [current] (natural force)

Élise was cycling with the wind, so the ride felt easy.

Élise 順風騎車,所以騎起來很輕鬆。

同義詞
  • following

    verb form; 'with' is more concise in prepositional phrases

  • in the direction of

    longer equivalent phrase, less common in everyday speech

反義詞
  • against

    opposite direction or contrary movement

文法句型

with + [natural force: current, wind, tide]

用法筆記

Often contrasted with 'against' in the same context ('with the wind' vs. 'against the wind'). Can be used literally (direction of movement) or figuratively ('go with the flow').

常見錯誤

The boat moved along the current' (vague).
The boat moved with the current.
💡'with' specifically shows matching direction.

15. happening or changing at the same speed or at the same time as another developme

15.介系詞B1
釋義

隨著

與某進程同步發生或變化

happening or changing at the same speed or at the same time as another development or process

例句

The price of bread at Ziad's shop rose with the cost of flour.

Ziad 店裡的麵包價格隨著麵粉成本上漲。

with + [cost/item] showing parallel economic change

Eshe's confidence grew with each art show she organised at the community centre.

Eshe 的信心隨著她在社區中心舉辦的每一場藝展而成長。

同義詞
  • as

    conjunction rather than preposition; 'with' is shorter and more direct

  • alongside

    more formal, emphasises two things happening together

文法句型

with + [noun] (change or development)

with every/each + [noun]

用法筆記

This sense links two factors that change together — one often causes or influences the other. Common with verbs like 'increase,' 'decrease,' 'grow,' 'improve,' and 'change.'

常見錯誤

The pain reduced as the treatment' (incomplete).
The pain reduced with the treatment.
💡'with' expresses the parallel change concisely.

16. understanding and following what someone is explaining or telling you

16.介系詞B1
釋義

聽懂;跟上

理解對方正在說的話

understanding and following what someone is explaining or telling you

例句

The teacher spoke quickly, but the class was with her.

老師說得很快,但全班都跟得上她的節奏。

be with + [person] = understand that person

Are you with me, or should I go back over the main points?

你有聽懂我的意思嗎,還是需要我再講一遍重點?

同義詞
  • follow

    more common in both formal and informal contexts

  • get

    very informal, as in 'Do you get it?'

反義詞
  • lose

    as in 'lose track of someone's explanation'

文法句型

be with + [somebody]

not be with + [somebody]

用法筆記

Almost always used with the verb 'be.' Most common in questions ('Are you with me?') and negative statements ('I'm not with you'). Informal register — in formal writing, use 'follow' or 'understand.'

常見錯誤

I am with you' (when you mean 'I agree with you').
I am with you' only means 'I understand you' in this sense
💡for agreement, use sense 13. Context usually makes the meaning clear.

17. even though a difficult or negative situation exists; in spite of a particular c

17.介系詞B2
釋義

儘管

即使存在困難仍然發生

even though a difficult or negative situation exists; in spite of a particular circumstance

例句

With all her experience, she still felt nervous before big meetings.

儘管經驗豐富,她在重大會議前還是會感到緊張。

With + all [noun] — concessive meaning

With the rain pouring down, the match continued without stopping.

儘管大雨傾盆,比賽仍持續進行沒有中斷。

同義詞
  • despite

    more explicit concessive preposition, formal register

  • in spite of

    slightly more emphatic than 'despite', same register

文法句型

With + [noun phrase], [clause showing contrasting result]

用法筆記

Sentence-initial 'With + noun phrase' creates a concessive meaning ('despite X, Y happened'). Can be rephrased using 'despite' or 'in spite of' for formal contexts. The noun phrase typically describes an obstacle or surprising condition.

常見錯誤

With the rain, the match was cancelled' (this sounds causal, not concessive).
With the rain pouring down, the match continued.
💡The sentence must show a contrast between the obstacle and the outcome.

18. used in exclamations to express a strong wish, hope, or direct command, often in

18.介系詞B2
釋義

但願;命令

用感嘆句表達願望或指令

used in exclamations to express a strong wish, hope, or direct command, often in short fixed phrases

例句

Off with his head! shouted the queen in fury.

「砍下他的頭!」皇后憤怒地喊道。

fixed exclamation: off with + [noun] — command

Down with the old rules and up with the new ideas!

打倒舊規則,擁抱新想法!學生們高喊著。

同義詞
  • hopefully

    adverb, equivalent for wish/hope expressions like 'with any luck'

  • let's have

    less forceful instruction equivalent

文法句型

[adverb] + with + [noun/pronoun]

With + any/a bit of + [noun], [clause]

用法筆記

This sense covers two related patterns: (a) exclamations with 'off/down/away/up + with + noun' to give commands, and (b) 'With any/a bit of luck' to express hope. Both are fixed, idiomatic patterns — you cannot substitute other adverbs freely.

常見錯誤

Go with you!' (trying to create a command exclamation).
Away with you!
💡Only specific adverbs (off, down, away, up) combine with 'with' to form these exclamations.