excluding
excluding — 介系詞
1. used to show that someone or something is not counted as part of a total, list,
不包括；不含
不計入總數或範圍
used to show that someone or something is not counted as part of a total, list, or group, and is therefore left out of that particular set.
The meal costs NT$800, excluding drinks and dessert.
這頓餐費是800元新台幣，不包括飲料和甜點。
excluding + noun phrase (cost context)
Excluding weekends, the library is open from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m.
不包括週末，圖書館從早上九點開到晚上九點。
All staff members, excluding the night-shift nurses, attended the training session.
除了值夜班的護理師之外，所有員工都參加了培訓課程。
The report covers sales for the first quarter, excluding the holiday season.
這份報告涵蓋第一季的銷售數據，不含假期期間。
The store is open every day, excluding Sundays and public holidays.
這家商店每天營業，星期日和國定假日除外。
- not counting
more informal and conversational than 'excluding'
- except
used for single items or people; common in both formal and informal contexts
- including
the direct opposite — shows what is counted in a total
文法句型
excluding + noun phrase
用法筆記
Frequently used in financial, statistical, and scheduling contexts to clarify what is not part of a total. The phrase 'excluding + noun phrase' can appear at the beginning or end of a sentence.
常見錯誤
excluding — 動詞
1. to deliberately prevent a person, animal, or object from entering a place or are
排除；禁入
阻止某人或某物進入某處
to deliberately prevent a person, animal, or object from entering a place or area, often using a physical barrier, rule, or official decision.
The security guard excluded all visitors from the building after hours.
警衛在下班後禁止所有訪客進入大樓。
exclude + person + from + place
A high wooden fence was built around the vegetable patch to exclude deer from the garden.
菜園周圍豎起了一道高高的木柵欄，目的是排除花園中的鹿。
passive: be excluded from [place]
New safety rules excluded children from entering the laboratory without a teacher present.
新的安全規定禁止兒童在沒有老師陪同的情況下進入實驗室。
The city council voted to exclude private cars from the old town centre during market days.
市議會投票決定在趕集日禁止私家車進入舊城區。
Visitors were excluded from the hospital ward while the patient was receiving treatment.
病患在接受治療期間，訪客被禁止進入病房。
文法句型
exclude + noun phrase + from + noun phrase
用法筆記
Often used in the passive voice ('be excluded from'). The preposition 'from' is always required when stating where the person or thing is kept out. Subject is typically a person, authority (committee, council), or physical barrier.
常見錯誤
2. to intentionally not include someone or something in an activity, decision, list
不納入；排除
刻意不將某人或某物納入
to intentionally not include someone or something in an activity, decision, list, group, or process so that they are left out of it.
The committee excluded Amara's proposal from the final report because of the late submission.
委員會因 Amara 提案遲交而未將其納入最終報告。
exclude + abstract thing + from + document/process
Elena felt excluded from the conversation because everyone was speaking in a language she did not know.
Elena 覺得自己被排擠在對話之外，因為每個人都說著她聽不懂的語言。
passive: feel excluded from [activity]
Many insurance plans exclude coverage for dental treatments that are purely cosmetic.
許多保險計劃將純屬美容的牙科治療排除在給付範圍之外。
The scholarship programme excludes any applicant who has already earned a university degree.
這項獎學金計劃排除了任何已取得大學學位的申請者。
Kwame was excluded from the team selection after he missed three training sessions in a row.
Kwame 因為連續缺席三次訓練而被排除在球隊選拔之外。
文法句型
exclude + noun phrase + from + noun phrase
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1 (KEEP OUT): sense 1 is about physically preventing entry to a place; this sense is about deliberately not including someone in a social group, plan, consideration, or list. The object is often a person, an idea, or a category of item. Subject is often an organisation, committee, policy, or plan.
常見錯誤
3. to force someone to leave a place, organisation, school, or position — usually b
驅逐；開除
強制某人離開組織或職位
to force someone to leave a place, organisation, school, or position — usually because they have broken rules or done something unacceptable, or as part of a legal or disciplinary process.
The school board voted to exclude the student for repeatedly cheating on exams.
校務委員會投票決定將這名學生開除，原因是考試屢次作弊。
academic disciplinary context
After the financial scandal, Omar was excluded from his position on the board of directors.
金融醜聞發生後，Omar 被逐出了董事會。
passive: excluded from [position/role]
The housing authority excluded the family from the apartment for failing to pay rent for six months.
房管機構因該家庭連續六個月未繳房租而將其逐出公寓。
Several members were excluded from the association for violating the code of conduct.
有幾名成員因違反行為準則而被逐出協會。
Children with chickenpox were excluded from school until the rash had completely cleared up.
長水痘的學童被排除在學校之外，直到皮疹完全消失才能返校。
文法句型
exclude + noun phrase + from + noun phrase
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1 (KEEP OUT): sense 1 prevents entry from outside; this sense removes someone who was already inside. The expelled person previously had access or membership. Formal register — more common in legal, academic, and medical contexts than in everyday conversation.