include

/ɪnˈkluːd/ (bre, ipa) · /ɪnˈkluːd/ (ame, ipa) · /in-ˈklüd/ (ame, mw)

include — 動詞

  • includepresent simple I / you / we / they
  • includeshe / she / it
  • includedpast simple
  • including-ing form

1. used to say that someone or something is one of the parts or members that form a

1.動詞及物A2
釋義

包含；包括

作為整體的一部分存在

used to say that someone or something is one of the parts or members that form a larger group, collection, or whole

例句

The tour package includes hotel accommodation and three meals a day.

這趟旅遊套裝包含飯店住宿和每日三餐。

include + [list of items or features]

Does the price of the ticket include a service charge?

這張票的價格包含服務費嗎？

question form: does [something] include [something]

同義詞
  • contain

    Focuses on something physically holding another thing inside it; more concrete than include

  • comprise

    More formal; suggests all the parts that make up a whole, not just some

  • involve

    Suggests something is part of a process or activity rather than a fixed list

反義詞
  • exclude

    To leave out or not allow as part of something

  • omit

    To leave something out deliberately or by accident

文法句型

include + noun phrase

be included + in/on [group or collection]

用法筆記

Often used to introduce a non-exhaustive list of parts or members. The passive form 'be included in' is frequent in formal and written English.

常見錯誤

❌The price includes of tax.
✅The price includes tax.
💡Include is a transitive verb and takes a direct object directly, without a preposition.
❌The bottle includes water.
✅The bottle contains water.
💡Use contain for physical substances inside a closed container; use include for listing parts or members of a group or set.

2. to add someone or something to a group, list, category, or activity so that they

2.動詞及物A2
釋義

納入；列入

把某人或物加入群體或清單

to add someone or something to a group, list, category, or activity so that they are treated as part of it

例句

Vivek asked the manager to include his name on the team list.

Vivek 請經理把他的名字列入隊員名單。

include + [someone/something] + on [a list or document]

The school tries to include children with special needs in all activities.

學校盡量把有特殊需求的兒童納入所有活動。

include + [person] + in [activity]

同義詞
  • add

    More straightforward; can be used for physical items added to a collection

  • incorporate

    Suggests blending something into a unified whole; more formal

  • involve

    Emphasises making someone take part in an activity or process

反義詞
  • exclude

    To deliberately leave someone or something out

  • leave out

    More informal; to not include someone or something

文法句型

include + object + in/on [group, list, or activity]

include + object + among [people or things]

用法筆記

Commonly takes 'in' or 'on' to specify the group, list, or activity. The subject is typically a person, group, or organization doing the adding. For including someone in social activities, 'include + person + in + activity' is the standard pattern.

常見錯誤

❌She included him to the group.
✅She included him in the group.
💡Use in (not to) after include when naming the group or activity.
❌The team included him as a member.' (when meaning they added him)
✅The team included him as a member.
💡This is actually correct; but note that 'include as' focuses on role, while 'include in' focuses on the group or activity.