and

/ənd/ (bre, ipa) · [ənd] /ənd/ (ame, ipa) · [ənd] /ən(d), (ˈ)an(d) usually ᵊn(d) after t, d, s or z; often ᵊm after p or b; sometimes ᵊŋ after k or g/ (ame, mw)

and — 連接詞

1. a word that links two things, ideas, or actions when you talk about them togethe

1.連接詞A1
釋義

和；以及

連接詞，連結兩個詞語或句子

a word that links two things, ideas, or actions when you talk about them together in a sentence.

例句

I bought apples and oranges at the market this morning.

我今天早上在市場買了蘋果和柳橙。

connects two noun phrases

The cat is small and very friendly to everyone in the house.

那隻貓很小，而且對房子裡的每個人都很友善。

connects two adjectives

同義詞
  • as well as

    more formal; used in writing or careful speech

  • along with

    emphasises that two things go together

反義詞
  • or

    shows a choice between two options rather than joining them

文法句型

A and B

A, B, and C

常見錯誤

❌I don't like apples and oranges.
✅I don't like apples or oranges.
💡In negative sentences, use 'or' instead of 'and' to mean 'neither'.

2. used to show that you are putting one thing together with another thing of the s

2.連接詞A1
釋義

加上

將同類事物合在一起

used to show that you are putting one thing together with another thing of the same type, like adding numbers or bringing items together.

例句

Two and two make four — the first sum children learn at school.

二加二等於四——這是孩子們在學校學的第一個算式。

adding numbers together

We need eggs and milk to bake the birthday cake.

烤生日蛋糕需要雞蛋和牛奶。

同義詞
  • plus

    used mainly when talking about numbers or amounts

  • together with

    emphasises that things are combined as a group

反義詞
  • without

    shows that something is not included

文法句型

A and B (as a combined set)

3. used after a short list to show that there are more similar items you could ment

3.連接詞A2
釋義

等等

列舉後表示尚有同類事物

used after a short list to show that there are more similar items you could mention without naming each one.

例句

We packed socks, shirts, shoes and so on for the trip.

我們為這趟旅行打包了襪子、襯衫、鞋子等等。

and so on at end of a list

The shop sells pens, notebooks, paper and such items.

這家店賣筆、筆記本、紙張之類的東西。

同義詞
  • etc.

    used in writing as a shortened form of 'and so on'

  • and the like

    slightly more formal; means 'and similar things'

文法句型

A, B, and so on

A, B, and such things

用法筆記

Often shortened to 'etc.' in writing, but 'and so on' and 'and such' are common in everyday speech.

常見錯誤

❌...and etc.
✅...etc.' or '...and so on.
💡'etc.' already means 'and the rest', so 'and etc.' is repetitive.

4. used to add a second piece of information showing that the same thing is true fo

4.連接詞A1
釋義

也；而且

表示同樣適用於另一人或事物

used to add a second piece of information showing that the same thing is true for another person, thing, or situation.

例句

Gita is coming to the party, and Marco is coming too.

Gita 要來參加派對，Marco 也要來。

and ... too pattern

I love this film, and my sister loves it as well.

我喜歡這部電影，我妹妹也喜歡。

and ... as well pattern

同義詞
  • too

    same meaning; placed at the end of a clause

  • also

    more formal; usually placed before the main verb

文法句型

[statement], and [person/thing] too

[statement], and [person/thing] as well

用法筆記

Often paired with 'too' or 'as well' at the end of the second clause. In formal writing, 'also' can be used instead before the verb.

常見錯誤

❌He is smart and also he is kind.
✅He is smart and he is also kind.
💡'Also' goes before the verb, not after it.

5. used after mentioning one thing to include the connected ideas, details, or item

5.連接詞A2
釋義

相關的

提及主題時連帶相關事物

used after mentioning one thing to include the connected ideas, details, or items that naturally go with it.

例句

We talked about school and everything related to it.

我們聊到了學校以及與學校相關的一切。

and everything related to [noun]

Felix told me about his job and all the things he does every day.

Felix 跟我講了他的工作和他每天做的所有事情。

同義詞
  • along with

    specifically includes additional related items

  • plus

    informal; adds connected information

文法句型

[topic] and everything related

[topic] and all that

用法筆記

This sense differs from 'AND SO ON' (sense 3) because it expands on one topic rather than listing similar items. Use it when you want to include all the natural aspects of a subject.

6. placed between two possibilities to indicate that any option — or all of them to

6.連接詞A2
釋義

皆可

表示兩種可能其一或全部可行

placed between two possibilities to indicate that any option — or all of them together — is open.

例句

You can bring a friend and a family member to the party.

你可以帶一位朋友和一位家人來參加派對。

A and B — either or both available

Students may write and draw for this art project.

這項美術作業，學生可以寫作也可以畫畫。

同義詞
  • and/or

    formal written form that clearly signals both options are possible

反義詞
  • or

    can suggest a choice where only one option is possible

文法句型

[option A] and [option B] (both available)

用法筆記

Common in offers, permissions, and situations where the speaker wants to make clear that the options are not mutually exclusive. In this sense, 'and' is close in meaning to 'and/or' in formal writing.

常見錯誤

❌You can have tea and coffee but not both.' (contradictory)
✅You can have tea or coffee but not both.
💡When options cannot both be chosen, use 'or' instead of 'and'.

7. used to connect two actions or events when the first happens before the second

7.連接詞A2
釋義

然後；就

表示接續發生的先後順序

used to connect two actions or events when the first happens before the second

例句

Mira finished her homework and then watched a movie with her sister.

Mira 做完功課，然後和妹妹看了一部電影。

and then [verb] — shows the second action follows the first

Tomás walked to the corner shop and bought a loaf of bread.

Tomás 走到街角的商店，買了一條麵包。

同義詞
  • then

    more explicit about time order than 'and'

  • after that

    makes the sequence clearer, but adds more words

文法句型

clause + and + clause (second event follows first)

用法筆記

The actions connected by this type of 'and' happen in the order they are listed — the first event always comes before the second.

常見錯誤

❌I woke up, and I ate breakfast, and I went to work, and I caught the bus.
✅I woke up, ate breakfast, caught the bus, and went to work.
💡Repeating 'and' between every item sounds childish; use commas between items and 'and' only before the last one.

8. used to show that what follows is caused by what came before

8.連接詞A2
釋義

因此；結果

表示因果關係

used to show that what follows is caused by what came before

例句

Karim missed the bus and was late for school.

Karim 錯過了巴士，因此上學遲到了。

cause + and + result — missing the bus caused lateness

The rain started falling and the picnic was cancelled.

開始下雨了，結果野餐被取消了。

同義詞
  • so

    more explicit about the cause-and-effect relationship

  • therefore

    formal; used in academic or professional writing

文法句型

cause + and + result

用法筆記

Common in everyday speech to express cause and effect without using 'so' or 'therefore'. The listener understands the connection from context alone.

常見錯誤

❌She studied hard and passed the exam, so she got good grades.' (too many connectors).
✅She studied hard and passed the exam.
💡One 'and' already shows the result clearly; adding 'so' is redundant.

9. used instead of 'to' after certain common verbs to state what someone intends to

9.連接詞B1
釋義

去；來

用在 try/go/come 後表示目的

used instead of 'to' after certain common verbs to state what someone intends to do next

例句

Jude said he would try and arrive before dinner.

Jude 說他會趕在晚餐前到。

try + and + verb — replaces 'try to'

Amani went and asked the teacher about the homework.

Amani 去問老師有關功課的事情。

go + and + verb — shows purpose of going

同義詞
  • to

    the neutral, formal equivalent; 'try and' is less formal than 'try to'

文法句型

try + and + verb

go + and + verb

come + and + verb

用法筆記

Only used with a small set of common verbs: 'try', 'go', 'come', 'stay', 'run'. Avoid in formal academic or business writing.

常見錯誤

❌I need and talk to you about the plan.
✅I need to talk to you about the plan.
💡'Need' cannot be followed by 'and + verb' for purpose; only verbs like 'try', 'go', 'come' use this pattern.

10. placed between two identical words to stress that something continues or is repe

10.連接詞B1
釋義

一再；不停

重複相同詞表示持續或強調

placed between two identical words to stress that something continues or is repeated many times

例句

They walked and walked until they reached the top of the hill.

他們走啊走，一直走到山頂。

verb + and + same verb — shows continued action

The dog barked and barked outside the bedroom window.

那隻狗在臥室窗外叫個不停。

同義詞
  • over and over

    specific to repeated actions; more explicit than using single-word repetition

  • continuously

    formal equivalent; no repetition pattern required

文法句型

word + and + same word

用法筆記

Follows the pattern 'word + and + same word'. Common with verbs of movement ('walk and walk', 'run and run'), duration ('hours and hours', 'days and days'), or repeated attempts ('again and again', 'over and over').

常見錯誤

❌I tried and tried but I could not open the door and door.
✅I tried and tried but I could not open the door.
💡The repetition pattern only applies to the verb or time word; do not repeat the object.

11. used at the start of a comment to show that the speaker feels surprised or annoy

11.連接詞B1
釋義

竟然；居然

表示驚訝或不滿

used at the start of a comment to show that the speaker feels surprised or annoyed by something

例句

And you actually believed everything he said about the lottery?

你竟然真的相信他說的那些關於樂透的話？

And + question — expresses disbelief

And then she just walked out without saying goodbye to anyone.

然後她就這樣頭也不回地走出去了，連再見都沒說。

文法句型

And + clause (expressing surprise)

用法筆記

Used at the start of a sentence or clause, almost always in informal conversation. The tone of voice shows the emotion — in writing, an exclamation mark or question mark often follows.

常見錯誤

❌And you are coming to the party?' (flat intonation — sounds like an incomplete thought).
✅And you are coming to the party?' with a surprised tone
💡The meaning depends on the speaker's intonation; in writing, the context must make the surprise clear.