discharge
/dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ (bre, ipa) · /dɪsˈtʃɑːrdʒ/ (ame, ipa) · /dis-ˈchärj ˈdis-ˌchärj/ (ame, mw) · /ˈdɪs.tʃɑːdʒ/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈdɪs.tʃɑːrdʒ/ (ame, ipa)
discharge — 動詞
- dischargepresent simple I / you / we / they
- dischargeshe / she / it
- dischargedpast simple
- discharging-ing form
1. to give someone official permission to go away from a place such as a hospital,
出院；退伍
正式允許離開醫院、法院或軍隊
to give someone official permission to go away from a place such as a hospital, prison, or court, because they are no longer required to stay there
The hospital discharged Antonia three days after her operation.
Antonia 在手術三天後獲准出院。
Sumin was discharged from the army after serving for two years.
Sumin 服役兩年後從軍隊退伍。
passive: be discharged from [institution]
The judge decided to discharge Élise from jury duty.
法官決定免除 Élise 的陪審員義務。
Before Bao could leave, the doctor had to sign the discharge papers.
Bao 離開前，醫生必須簽署出院文件。
Patients with mild symptoms are usually discharged within two days.
症狀輕微的病患通常在兩天內獲准出院。
文法句型
discharge + noun phrase
be discharged from + place/institution
用法筆記
Frequently used in the passive voice, especially in medical and military contexts. The subject of the active form is typically a hospital, court, or commanding officer — not a friend or family member.
常見錯誤
2. to let a liquid, gas, or waste material flow out from a container, pipe, or sour
排放
將廢液、廢氣等排出至環境中
to let a liquid, gas, or waste material flow out from a container, pipe, or source into the surrounding area
The factory discharged chemical waste directly into the nearby river.
這家工廠將化學廢料直接排放到附近的河裡。
direct object: discharge + [waste substance] + into + [place]
Thick smoke was discharged from the chimney all afternoon.
整個下午都有濃煙從煙囪排出。
passive: be discharged from [source]
Jabari noticed a yellow liquid discharging from the wound on his arm.
Jabari 注意到黃色的液體從他手臂上的傷口流出來。
An oil tanker was caught discharging waste into the ocean near the port last month.
上個月有一艘油輪被發現在港口附近將廢物排入大海。
Coal power plants discharge large amounts of carbon dioxide into the air every year.
燃煤發電廠每年將大量的二氧化碳排放到空氣中。
文法句型
discharge + substance + into + place
substance + is discharged into + place
discharge into + place
用法筆記
Both transitive (the factory discharged waste) and intransitive (oil discharged from the pipe) patterns are common. In environmental contexts, the place of release is typically introduced by 'into'.
常見錯誤
3. to perform or complete a duty, responsibility, or task that you are officially r
履行
完成必須執行的正式職責或任務
to perform or complete a duty, responsibility, or task that you are officially required to do
The committee discharged its duties with great care and fairness.
委員會以極大的謹慎和公正履行了職責。
collocation: discharge duties
Yael discharged her responsibilities as team leader for almost four years.
Yael 擔任了將近四年的組長，盡責地完成了工作。
A trustee must discharge his or her legal obligations to the beneficiaries.
受託人必須履行其對受益人的法律義務。
Ishaan felt proud to have discharged his role as captain of the mountain rescue team.
Ishaan 為自己能勝任山地救援隊隊長的角色而感到自豪。
文法句型
discharge + duty/responsibility/obligation
用法筆記
Almost always used with a formal or official duty as the object. Common collocates are 'duty', 'responsibility', 'obligation', 'role', and 'function'. Avoid using with casual tasks like 'washing dishes' or 'taking out the trash'.
常見錯誤
4. to pay back all the money that is owed on a debt, loan, or mortgage so that noth
清償
全額償還貸款、債務
to pay back all the money that is owed on a debt, loan, or mortgage so that nothing remains to be paid
Lauren discharged all her student debts within two years of graduating.
Lauren 在畢業兩年內還清了所有的學生貸款。
collocation: discharge debts
The company was ordered to discharge its outstanding loans by the end of June.
該公司被要求在六月底前清償所有未償貸款。
The court granted Emre's application to discharge the bankruptcy order.
法院批准了 Emre 提出的解除破產令申請。
Failing to discharge the mortgage on time can lead to serious financial problems.
未能按時清償房貸可能會導致嚴重的財務問題。
- incur
to take on new debt
- default on
to fail to make payments on a debt
文法句型
discharge + debt/loan/mortgage
用法筆記
Most common in formal financial and legal writing. In everyday conversation, 'pay off', 'pay back', or 'settle' are preferred. 'Discharge' is the standard term in bankruptcy law for canceling a debtor's obligation to pay.
常見錯誤
5. to fire a bullet from a gun or cause a weapon such as a rifle or cannon to fire
發射；開火
扣動扳機使槍枝發射子彈
to fire a bullet from a gun or cause a weapon such as a rifle or cannon to fire
Henry accidentally discharged the rifle while cleaning it in his workshop.
Henry 在工作室清理步槍時不小心擊發了。
collocation: discharge a rifle/weapon
The soldier was ordered not to discharge his weapon unless attacked first.
這名士兵奉命在未受到攻擊時不得開火。
A loud bang was heard when the old cannon discharged during the ceremony.
儀式中老舊的大砲發射時發出了一聲巨響。
Police officers are trained to discharge their firearms only in dangerous situations.
警察受訓只能在危急情況下使用槍械。
- load
to put ammunition into a weapon before it can be fired
文法句型
discharge + weapon/gun/rifle
discharge a shot
用法筆記
More formal and technical than 'fire' or 'shoot'. Common in official reports, historical writing, and legal contexts. In everyday conversation, 'fire' or 'shoot' are more natural. Can be used intransitively, as in 'the gun discharged accidentally'.
常見錯誤
discharge — 名詞
- dischargesingular
- dischargesplural
1. the official permission or process by which someone is allowed to leave a hospit
離院；退伍
離開醫院、軍隊或監獄的正式許可
the official permission or process by which someone is allowed to leave a hospital, prison, or armed force after completing a required period or treatment
After her discharge from the hospital, Ishaan visited her every day.
Ishaan 在她出院後每天都去探望她。
pattern: after [possessive] discharge from [place]
The soldier received an honorable discharge after ten years of loyal service.
這名士兵在忠誠服役十年後光榮退伍。
collocation: honorable discharge
Devika's discharge from prison was delayed due to a paperwork problem.
Devika 的出獄因文書問題而延遲了。
The hospital prepares a discharge summary for every patient who leaves the ward.
醫院會為每位離開病房的病人準備出院摘要。
- admission
the process of entering a hospital as a patient
- enlistment
joining the armed forces voluntarily
文法句型
[possessive] discharge from + place
honorable/medical discharge
用法筆記
Can be countable ('a discharge from the army') or uncountable ('after discharge from hospital'). The adjective preceding it often describes the type — 'honorable discharge' from the military, 'medical discharge' from a hospital.
2. the act or process of allowing waste liquid, gas, or other harmful material to f
排放；排出
工業廢水或廢氣的排放行為
the act or process of allowing waste liquid, gas, or other harmful material to flow out into the surrounding environment
The discharge of chemicals into the lake killed hundreds of fish.
化學物質排入湖中導致數百條魚死亡。
pattern: the discharge of [substance] into [place]
Strict government laws control the discharge of waste from industrial factories.
嚴格的法律管制工業工廠的廢物排放。
Environmental groups are protesting against the discharge of untreated sewage into the bay.
環保團體正在抗議將未經處理的污水排入海灣。
The power station was fined for the illegal discharge of polluted cooling water.
該發電廠因非法排放受污染的冷卻水而被罰款。
- treatment
the processing of waste to make it less harmful before release
文法句型
the discharge of + substance + into + place
用法筆記
Typically uncountable when referring to the process generally ('discharge of waste'), but countable when referring to a specific event ('the factory had three illegal discharges this year').
3. a thick or discolored fluid released from a wound or infected body part, often a
分泌物
傷口或感染部位流出的體液
a thick or discolored fluid released from a wound or infected body part, often a sign of illness
The nurse noticed a yellow discharge coming from the patient's surgical wound.
護士注意到患者手術傷口有黃色分泌物滲出。
pattern: [colour] discharge from [body part]
A thick white discharge from the eye can be a sign of conjunctivitis.
眼睛流出濃稠的白色分泌物可能是結膜炎的徵兆。
pattern: discharge from [body part]
The doctor took a sample of the discharge to test for harmful bacteria.
醫生採集了分泌物樣本進行細菌檢測。
Ear discharge in young children sometimes indicates a middle ear infection.
幼兒的耳朵分泌物有時表示其中耳感染。
文法句型
[adjective] discharge from [body part]
用法筆記
Used in medical contexts to describe abnormal fluids from the body due to infection or injury. It usually implies the fluid is a sign of illness, not a normal bodily function. 'Vaginal discharge' can be normal, but most other contexts signal infection.
常見錯誤
4. the act of fulfilling a duty, completing a responsibility, or paying back a fina
履行；清償
完成職責或償還欠款的行為
the act of fulfilling a duty, completing a responsibility, or paying back a financial debt in full
The committee must ensure the proper discharge of all its official responsibilities.
委員會必須確保妥善履行其所有正式職責。
pattern: proper discharge of [duties]
Bao received a bonus for the successful discharge of her duties as project manager.
Bao 因成功履行專案經理職責而獲得獎金。
The auditor's report examines the discharge of public funds by local government agencies.
審計報告審查了地方政府機構對公共資金的運用情況。
The CEO emphasized the timely discharge of all contractual obligations before the deadline.
執行長強調要在截止日前按時履行所有合約義務。
- fulfillment
emphasizes meeting expectations; slightly more common in everyday English
- performance
broader; can refer to how well a task is done, not just that it was completed
- neglect
the failure to carry out responsibilities
文法句型
the discharge of + duty/obligation/debt
用法筆記
Always uncountable and always used with 'the' + 'of' ('the discharge of duties'). Never used in the plural. This sense combines both performing duties and paying debts, so the context determines which meaning is intended.
常見錯誤
5. the act of firing a weapon such as a gun, rifle, or cannon, or the sound that th
發射；射擊
開槍或開火的行為或聲響
the act of firing a weapon such as a gun, rifle, or cannon, or the sound that this produces
The discharge of the starting pistol marked the official beginning of the race.
發令槍的射擊聲響起，比賽正式開始。
The loud discharge of the hunting rifle scared the birds away from the field.
獵槍的巨大聲響把鳥兒從田野裡嚇跑了。
pattern: loud discharge of [weapon]
Neighbors reported hearing the discharge of a gun around midnight on Saturday.
鄰居通報在週六午夜左右聽到了槍聲。
The sound of a discharge echoed through the valley during the hunting season.
獵季期間，一聲槍響在峽谷中迴盪。
文法句型
the discharge of + weapon
用法筆記
More formal than 'shot' or 'gunfire'. Common in legal reports, news articles, and historical accounts. Countable when referring to specific events ('three discharges were heard'), uncountable when referring to the general action ('the discharge of firearms is prohibited').