courtesies
courtesies — 名詞
1. polite behaviour that shows respect and good manners towards other people; also
禮貌；禮儀
有禮貌的行為或舉止
polite behaviour that shows respect and good manners towards other people; also a specific polite action or remark made as a gesture of goodwill.
The hotel staff showed the same courtesies to every guest, from the tour groups to the VIPs.
這家飯店的員工對每位客人都展現同樣的禮貌，無論是旅行團還是貴賓。
countable plural: same courtesies
Nadia exchanged polite courtesies with her new colleagues on the first day of work.
Nadia 在上班第一天就和新同事互相禮貌問候。
collocation: exchange courtesies
In many East Asian cultures, bowing is a common courtesy when greeting someone for the first time.
在許多東亞文化中，初次見面時鞠躬是一種常見的禮節。
The elderly man appreciated the small courtesies his neighbours offered him during the snowstorm.
那位老先生很感激鄰居在暴風雪期間對他展現的小小禮貌。
Amara held the door open for the person behind her — a simple courtesy that took only a second.
Amara 幫身後的人扶住門——這個簡單的禮貌舉動只花了一秒鐘。
- politeness
focuses on following social rules of behaviour; more general than courtesy
- manners
usually plural; refers to learned social behaviour, often from upbringing
- civility
more formal; basic polite behaviour, often in public or professional contexts
- rudeness
deliberately impolite or disrespectful behaviour
- discourtesy
formal term for lack of politeness
文法句型
show + courtesies
exchange + courtesies
it is a courtesy + to-infinitive
用法筆記
Countable sense (plural courtesies) refers to specific polite acts or remarks. Uncountable sense (courtesy, no plural) refers to the general quality of being polite. The headword courtesies is the plural form.
常見錯誤
2. used to show who has kindly given permission for something to be used, shown, or
經許可
經由對方允許而使用
used to show who has kindly given permission for something to be used, shown, or published — especially in photography, exhibitions, news reports, and other media.
The wedding photographs were published by courtesy of the bride's family.
這些婚禮照片經許可後刊登，感謝新娘家人提供。
pattern: published by courtesy of [person/entity]
This exhibition displays rare handwritten letters by courtesy of the National Library.
本次展覽展出的珍貴親筆信函，經國家圖書館許可展出。
A selection of the artist's early sketches is shown here by courtesy of the Tokyo Museum of Modern Art.
此處展示的藝術家早期素描作品，經東京現代美術館許可展出。
- with the permission of
more direct and less formal than by courtesy of
- thanks to
informal; can imply gratitude rather than formal permission
文法句型
by courtesy of + noun phrase
用法筆記
Used almost exclusively in formal written contexts such as exhibition notes, photo credits, and acknowledgements. The phrase by courtesy of is fixed — do not replace courtesy with courtesies.
常見錯誤
3. used to say who has given or provided something, or who is responsible for somet
由於；提供
表示由某人或某方提供
used to say who has given or provided something, or who is responsible for something happening — often in a thankful or slightly joking tone.
The hotel provided a complimentary breakfast, courtesy of the manager who wanted to apologise for the noise.
飯店提供了免費早餐，這是經理為了噪音問題致歉而提供的。
pattern: [something] courtesy of [person]
Theo reached the airport on time courtesy of his neighbour, who gave him a lift after his car broke down.
Theo 靠鄰居載他一程才及時趕到機場，因為他的車拋錨了。
The school built a new science lab, courtesy of a donation from a local business.
這所學校的新科學實驗室是由當地一家企業捐款興建的。
We arrived at the party two hours late, courtesy of a huge traffic jam on the highway.
我們因為高速公路大塞車，晚了兩個小時才到派對。
- thanks to
can replace courtesy of in most positive contexts; less common in ironic uses
- provided by
more neutral and literal; lacks the thankful or jokey tone
文法句型
courtesy of + noun phrase
用法筆記
Commonly used both positively (to thank someone) and humorously or ironically (to blame something). Unlike sense 2, this sense does not imply formal permission. The phrase is always courtesy of (singular), never courtesies of.