desertion
/dɪˈzɜːʃn/ (bre, ipa) · /dɪˈzɜːrʃn/ (ame, ipa) · /di-ˈzər-shən/ (ame, mw)
desertion — 名詞
- desertionsingular
- desertionsplural
1. Leaving the army, navy, or air force without official permission and with no pla
擅離軍職
未經許可離開軍隊的行為
Leaving the army, navy, or air force without official permission and with no plan to come back — a serious crime, especially during wartime.
Dmitri was charged with desertion after slipping away from the camp at night.
Dmitri 因夜裡從營地溜走而被指控擅離軍職。
charged with desertion
The young private's desertion from the front line put his whole platoon at risk.
那名年輕士兵從前線逃離，使整個排陷入危險。
During the long winter, desertion became a serious problem for the exhausted regiment.
在漫長的冬季，逃兵現象成了疲憊軍團的嚴重問題。
Kwame was sentenced to two years for desertion during a time of war.
Kwame 因戰時擅離軍職被判處兩年徒刑。
Lieutenant Okonkwo reported three cases of desertion to the commanding officer.
Okonkwo 中尉向指揮官報告了三起擅離軍職案件。
- going AWOL
informal military term; usually implies the person may intend to return, unlike desertion which is permanent
- defection
leaving to join an enemy or opposing side; stronger than desertion
- enlistment
formally joining the armed forces
- loyalty
faithful service and refusal to abandon one's military duty
文法句型
desertion from [military unit]
desertion of [one's post]
用法筆記
Frequently used in legal and military contexts. The person who commits this act is called a deserter, and the related verb is 'desert' (with the stress on the second syllable).
常見錯誤
2. Walking out on a person — such as a partner, child, or elderly parent — who depe
遺棄
在困境中拋下需要你的人
Walking out on a person — such as a partner, child, or elderly parent — who depends on you, especially when they most need your care and support.
Farida called her husband's departure after twenty years an act of desertion.
Farida 認為丈夫在二十年後離開是一種遺棄。
The desertion of elderly parents by their grown children is a growing problem.
成年子女遺棄年邁父母是一個日益嚴重的問題。
Santiago told the court that his partner's desertion left him homeless and broke.
Santiago 向法庭表示，伴侶的遺棄讓他無家可歸、身無分文。
Meera never got over her father's desertion when she was just six years old.
Meera 至今仍感受到六歲時父親遺棄她的傷痛。
Old Mrs. Watanabe suffered deeply after the desertion of her only son.
Watanabe 老太太在獨子遺棄她後深受痛苦。
- abandonment
broader term; can refer to places, objects, or projects, not only people
- neglect
failing to care for someone while still physically present; desertion means actually leaving
文法句型
desertion of [someone]
the desertion of [a spouse/child/family member]
用法筆記
Subject is usually a person who had a duty of care — a parent, spouse, or guardian. Distinguish from sense 1 (military) and sense 3 (duty or organisation).
常見錯誤
3. Turning your back on a job, role, or group you were committed to, in circumstanc
背棄職守
不忠地放棄責任或職位
Turning your back on a job, role, or group you were committed to, in circumstances where your departure is seen as a failure of loyalty or responsibility.
Esther's sudden desertion of her teaching post left the school scrambling for a replacement.
Esther 突然背棄教職，讓學校急忙尋找替代人選。
desertion of one's post
Arun was accused of desertion after quitting the project halfway through.
Arun 在計劃進行到一半時退出，被指責背棄職守。
The party saw Thandiwe's resignation as an act of desertion, not a simple goodbye.
該黨認為 Thandiwe 的辭職是背棄行為，而非簡單的告別。
Jamal felt guilty about his desertion of the neighbourhood committee during the crisis.
Jamal 對於在危機期間背棄里鄰委員會感到內疚。
Huiwen's colleagues called her departure a desertion of all their shared values.
Huiwen 的同事稱她的離開是背棄了大家共同的價值觀。
- dereliction
formal; almost always paired with 'of duty' — narrower and more about neglect than physically leaving
- abdication
giving up a formal position of power, especially a throne or high office
- commitment
dedication to one's duty or responsibility
- steadfastness
remaining firm in one's duties despite difficulty or temptation to leave
文法句型
desertion of [one's duty/post/responsibilities]
用法筆記
Often followed by 'of': desertion of one's post, desertion of duty, desertion of principles. Distinguish from sense 1, which is specifically military.