orthogonal
orthogonal — 形容詞
- orthogonalpositive
- more orthogonalcomparative
- most orthogonalsuperlative
1. describes lines, surfaces, or directions that meet at a right angle, like the co
垂直的
成九十度相交的
describes lines, surfaces, or directions that meet at a right angle, like the corner of a square
In the sketch, the blue line is orthogonal to the base of the triangle.
在草圖裡，藍線和三角形的底邊呈垂直。
be orthogonal to + noun
The architect checked that the two hallway walls stayed orthogonal at the corner.
建築師確認走廊的兩面牆在轉角處保持垂直。
Eri rotated the table leg until it looked orthogonal to the floor.
Eri 把桌腳轉了一下，直到它看起來和地板垂直。
In the coordinate grid, the x-axis and y-axis are orthogonal.
在座標格裡，x 軸和 y 軸彼此垂直。
- perpendicular
the closest geometry term and often interchangeable in everyday explanations
- right-angled
more often describes a shape or corner than the relation between two lines
- at right angles
common descriptive phrase instead of the single adjective
文法句型
be orthogonal to something
orthogonal + noun
用法筆記
Usually appears with to when one line, surface, or direction is being compared with another. Common in maths, design, and engineering writing.
2. describes ideas, systems, or variables that do not influence each other and can
獨立的
彼此不互相影響的
describes ideas, systems, or variables that do not influence each other and can be handled separately
The team kept pricing and safety goals orthogonal during the first test.
團隊在第一次測試時，把定價目標和安全目標分開處理。
keep A and B orthogonal
In the survey, age and language background were almost orthogonal factors.
在這份調查裡，年齡和語言背景幾乎是彼此獨立的因素。
Adaeze kept class goals orthogonal to party politics during the debate.
Adaeze 在辯論時，讓課堂目標和黨派政治彼此分開。
The software splits storage and search into orthogonal modules for easier updates.
軟體把儲存和搜尋拆成互相獨立的模組，之後更新會更容易。
- independent
broader everyday word with less technical flavour
- unrelated
stresses lack of connection, not necessarily separate design
- separate
plain everyday word, but less precise in technical writing
- decoupled
common in engineering and software when two parts are designed not to affect each other
- connected
shows that one part is linked to another
- correlated
used when two variables tend to change together
文法句型
be orthogonal to something
keep A and B orthogonal
orthogonal + noun
用法筆記
Often used in statistics, computing, and product design for parts that do not interfere with each other. Often followed by to, or used in patterns like keep A and B orthogonal.