per
/pə(r)/ (bre, ipa) · /pər/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈpər/ (ame, mw)
per — 介系詞
1. used before a unit, person, or time word to show the amount, cost, speed, or num
每；每一
表示每個單位的價格、速度或數量
used before a unit, person, or time word to show the amount, cost, speed, or number for one single case at a time.
The bike shop charges NT$300 per hour for repair work.
那家腳踏車店的修理工資是每小時 NT$300。
price/rate: amount + per + time unit
Each student may borrow two library books per week this month.
這個月每位學生每週可以借兩本圖書館的書。
number allowed per period of time
The train was moving at ninety kilometres per hour near Taichung.
那班火車在台中附近以每小時九十公里的速度前進。
Our guesthouse can sleep four people per room during busy weekends.
旺季的週末期間，我們的民宿每間房可睡四個人。
文法句型
number/amount + per + unit
per + person/item/period of time
用法筆記
Usually follows a number or amount and comes before a singular unit noun such as 'hour', 'person', 'kilo', or 'day'. In everyday speech, 'a' can sometimes replace it in prices ('$50 a day'), but 'per' is more common in notices, reports, and formal statements.
常見錯誤
per — 副詞
1. for each one separately, when the noun being counted or priced is already unders
每個；各自
省略單位名詞時表示各自一份
for each one separately, when the noun being counted or priced is already understood and does not need to be said again.
At the bakery sale, small pies were eighty dollars per.
在那場麵包義賣裡，小派一個賣八十元。
elliptical price: amount + per
At the school picnic, the children got two sandwiches per.
在學校野餐時，孩子們每人分到兩個三明治。
number + per when the item is already known
The museum rents audio guides for sixty dollars per.
那間博物館租導覽機一台六十元。
At the craft fair, handmade candles were three hundred dollars per.
在手作市集裡，手工蠟燭一個賣三百元。
- apiece
the closest one-word equivalent in ordinary English
- each
common and neutral, but often placed earlier in the sentence
- per person
the fuller form when the missing noun needs to be stated
文法句型
price/number + per
用法筆記
Follows a price, number, or share when the missing noun is obvious from the situation. Distinguish from preposition sense 1: the preposition keeps the unit after 'per' ('per hour', 'per child'), while this adverb leaves that noun unstated.
常見錯誤
per — 縮寫
1. a written short form of 'period', used mainly in timetables, class records, and
節；課時
period 的縮寫，多見於課表或紀錄
a written short form of 'period', used mainly in timetables, class records, and similar tables where space is limited.
The timetable marked first period as '1st per.' beside Ms. Lin's room.
課表在林老師教室旁把第一節標成「1st per.」。
per. = period on a timetable
The notice said science was in Lab 3 during second per.
通知上寫著，科學課第二節在 3 號實驗室上。
school schedule: second per.
The duty sheet showed 'free per.' beside Rosa's name on Tuesday.
值勤表在 Rosa 的名字旁標了「free per.」，表示那節沒課。
The printed schedule shortened 'period' to 'per.' in every lesson box.
那份列印課表在每個課程格裡都把 period 縮寫成 per.。
- period
the full word used in speaking and normal writing
文法句型
first/second/third + per.
用法筆記
Used in writing, not in normal speech, and usually written with a full stop. Distinguish from abbreviation sense 2, where 'per.' stands for 'person' in price lists rather than a class or time block.
常見錯誤
2. a written short form of 'person', especially in menus, hotel notices, and ticket
人
person 的縮寫，用於每人計價
a written short form of 'person', especially in menus, hotel notices, and ticket prices that show a cost for one individual.
The menu said the buffet was NT$480 per. for children under twelve.
菜單寫著十二歲以下兒童的自助餐每人 NT$480。
per. = person in a price notice
The dinner flyer listed the set meal at NT$900 per. for adults.
晚餐傳單上寫著套餐成人每人 NT$900。
price + per. in a printed notice
The tour company listed the boat trip at US$25 per. online.
旅行社在網路上把那趟遊船行程標成每人 US$25。
The sign listed karaoke rooms at NT$399 per., not per hour.
牌子上寫著卡拉 OK 包廂每人 NT$399，不是按小時計費。
- per person
the full wording used in ordinary sentences and clearer notices
- each
a shorter everyday alternative when the people are already mentioned
文法句型
price + per.
用法筆記
Usually follows a figure, with 'person' understood from context. Modern full sentences often spell out 'per person', so this abbreviation appears mostly on printed price lists, signs, and tables.
常見錯誤
per — 字首
1. added to some words to show going through all parts of something or doing someth
穿透；徹底
字首，表穿過整體或完全地
added to some words to show going through all parts of something or doing something fully.
The smell of smoke permeated every room after the kitchen fire.
廚房失火後，每個房間都瀰漫著煙味。
permeate = spread through the whole place
Sadness pervaded the house after Grandpa's old dog died.
爺爺養的老狗死後，整棟房子都籠罩著悲傷。
pervade = fill every part
Rust had perforated the old bucket, so water leaked out.
鐵鏽把那只舊水桶穿破了，所以水一直漏出來。
Years of training helped Mei perfect her tennis serve before the match.
多年的訓練幫助 Mei 在比賽前把發球練到更完美。
- through-
a looser English equivalent in plain explanations
- thoroughly
helps explain the idea of completeness in some derived words
- completely
close for words like 'perfect', but not for all per- forms
文法句型
per- + verb
per- + adjective
用法筆記
Mostly seen inside established words such as 'permeate', 'pervade', 'perforate', and 'perfect'. Learners usually meet it as part of a whole word rather than adding it freely to new words. Distinguish from the preposition sense: the prefix joins another word, but the preposition stands alone before a unit.