plasm
plasm — 名詞
1. the clear, straw-coloured liquid portion of blood or lymph, which carries nutrie
血漿
血液或淋巴中的液體成分
the clear, straw-coloured liquid portion of blood or lymph, which carries nutrients, proteins, and hormones to body tissues and removes waste products
A nurse collected a small sample of Anya's blood plasm for routine laboratory tests.
護理師採集了 Anya 的一小份血漿樣本，用於常規檢驗。
collocation: blood plasm sample collected for testing
The centrifuge spins the blood tube until the red cells settle below the clear plasm.
離心機旋轉血液試管，直到紅血球沉澱到透明血漿的下方。
collocation: centrifuge + plasm for lab separation
Burn victims often receive infusions of donated plasm to restore lost body fluids.
燒傷患者經常接受捐贈血漿的輸注，以補充流失的體液。
Selim studied how proteins in lymph plasm help the immune system fight infections.
Selim 研究了淋巴血漿中的蛋白質如何幫助免疫系統對抗感染。
Without enough plasm in the bloodstream, the body cannot deliver nutrients to the organs efficiently.
血流中若沒有足夠的血漿，身體就無法有效率地將養分運送到器官。
- plasma
the full and more common term for the same substance
- blood plasma
specifies the fluid component of blood as opposed to lymph
文法句型
used as uncountable noun
用法筆記
This sense is synonymous with 'plasma' (the more common term in everyday medical use). 'Plasm' appears mainly in technical or abbreviated scientific writing.
常見錯誤
2. genetic material taken from seeds, living plant tissue, or animal cells, preserv
種質
保存用於育種的遺傳物質
genetic material taken from seeds, living plant tissue, or animal cells, preserved for use in agricultural breeding or scientific research
Feng stored samples of rare rice plasm in the seed bank for future breeding work.
Feng 將稀有稻米種質的樣本存放在種子庫中，供未來育種使用。
collocation: rare rice plasm / seed bank
The research centre collects plant plasm from wild crop relatives to preserve genetic diversity.
研究中心從野生作物近緣種採集植物種質，以保護遺傳多樣性。
collocation: collect plant plasm / preserve genetic diversity
Beatriz used maize plasm from the gene bank to develop a fungus-resistant variety.
Beatriz 使用基因庫中的玉米種質培育出抗真菌品種。
Animal plasm is frozen in liquid nitrogen to help breed endangered species in the future.
動物種質被冷凍在液態氮中，以便未來幫助瀕危物種繁殖。
Femi analysed wheat plasm to find genes that help crops survive in dry soil.
Femi 分析小麥種質，尋找幫助作物在乾旱土壤中存活的基因。
- germplasm
the standard full term for preserved genetic material used in breeding
- hereditary material
broader term that includes any genetic information passed to offspring
文法句型
used as uncountable noun
用法筆記
In scientific writing, the full compound 'germplasm' is more common than the short form 'plasm'. This sense always refers to preserved or stored material, not to fresh cells or tissue in a living organism.