quota system
quota system — 名詞
1. an official set of rules that fixes the maximum number of foreigners a country w
移民配額制
限制每年移民入境人數的制度
an official set of rules that fixes the maximum number of foreigners a country will let move in and settle each year
Canada introduced a strict quota system to control how many workers arrive each spring.
加拿大實施了嚴格的移民配額制，以控制每年春天有多少工人入境。
introduce a quota system to control numbers
Under the new quota system, only ten thousand refugees may settle in the country yearly.
在新的移民配額制下，每年只有一萬名難民可以在該國定居。
under the quota system, only [N] may [verb]
Many families waited years because the quota system capped immigrant visas at a low figure.
許多家庭等了好幾年，因為移民配額制把移民簽證的數量壓得很低。
Critics argued the quota system unfairly blocked skilled nurses from poorer nations.
批評者認為，這套移民配額制不公平地把較貧窮國家的專業護理師擋在門外。
Australia loosened its quota system after farms struggled to find seasonal fruit pickers.
在農場難以找到季節性採果工人後，澳洲放寬了移民配額制。
- immigration cap
stresses the maximum limit rather than the framework that administers it
- intake limit
plainer and less formal; just the number a country accepts, with no implied rules
- open-door policy
lets people enter with no numerical limit
文法句型
a quota system for + noun
a quota system on + noun
用法筆記
Distinguish from senses 2 and 3: here the limit falls on people moving in to live, not on jobs and study places for a group, nor on traded goods.
常見錯誤
2. an official rule that fixes how many places at a college or company a group such
保障名額制
規定特定群體錄取或雇用名額的制度
an official rule that fixes how many places at a college or company a group such as women or an ethnic minority should receive — either as a guaranteed share or a firm upper limit
The university runs a quota system that reserves thirty places for rural students.
這所大學實施保障名額制，為偏鄉學生保留三十個名額。
quota system that reserves [N] places for [group]
Padma's law firm adopted a quota system to hire more women into senior roles.
Padma 的律師事務所採用保障名額制，以聘用更多女性擔任高階職位。
adopt a quota system to hire more [group]
Dario complained that the quota system gave factory jobs based on ethnicity, not skill.
Dario 抱怨保障名額制是依族裔、而非能力來分配工廠的工作。
After the quota system began, the medical school admitted far more disabled applicants.
保障名額制實施後，這所醫學院錄取了更多身心障礙的申請者。
The army scrapped its old quota system that once capped the number of female officers.
軍方廢除了舊有的保障名額制，那套制度曾限制女性軍官的人數。
- affirmative action
the broader policy goal; a quota system is one concrete tool used to reach it
- positive discrimination
British term; stresses favouring an under-represented group
- reservation system
common in India for guaranteed places allotted by caste or group
- merit-based selection
chooses purely on ability, ignoring group membership
文法句型
a quota system for + noun
a quota system that + clause
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1: this sense is about places in jobs or education for a specific group, not the number of immigrants a country admits. Common in debates over affirmative action.
常見錯誤
3. an official scheme that caps how much of a certain product may be imported into
貿易配額制
限制特定商品進出口數量的制度
an official scheme that caps how much of a certain product may be imported into or sold out of a country
Japan operates a quota system that caps how much foreign rice reaches its markets.
日本實施貿易配額制，限制外國稻米能進入其市場的數量。
quota system that caps how much [goods]
The trade quota system allows only two thousand tonnes of sugar to be imported yearly.
這套貿易配額制每年只允許進口兩千公噸的糖。
quota system allows only [amount] to be imported
Steel producers protested when the government tightened its quota system on cheap imports.
當政府收緊針對廉價進口品的貿易配額制時，鋼鐵業者提出了抗議。
Brazil expanded its quota system to let more coffee leave its ports each season.
巴西放寬了貿易配額制，讓每一季有更多咖啡能從港口出口。
A strict quota system kept cheap foreign cars out of the local market for decades.
嚴格的貿易配額制讓廉價的外國汽車數十年來都進不了本地市場。
- import quota
covers the inbound half only; a quota system can also cap exports
- trade restriction
any barrier to trade, broader than a fixed numeric cap
- free trade
places no limit on the quantity of goods crossing borders
文法句型
a quota system on + noun
a quota system for + noun
用法筆記
Distinguish from senses 1 and 2: here the limit falls on traded goods crossing a border, not on people or on job and study places. Often discussed alongside tariffs in trade policy.