retarder
retarder — 名詞
1. a person, condition, or element that causes something to happen more slowly than
阻礙因素
導致進度或發展變慢的人或事物
a person, condition, or element that causes something to happen more slowly than expected, or prevents it from moving forward at a normal pace.
The manager was seen as a retarder of innovation, refusing to approve new software tools.
該主管被視為創新的阻礙因素，因為他不願批准任何新的軟體工具。
retarder of + [abstract noun] — shows what is being delayed
Traffic jams act as a major retarder of economic activity in large cities.
在大城市裡，塞車是經濟活動的主要阻礙因素。
The lack of funding was the biggest retarder of the hospital expansion project.
資金不足是醫院擴建專案最大的阻礙因素。
Outdated government rules can serve as a retarder of scientific research by blocking new studies.
過時的政府法規可能成為科學研究的阻礙因素，因為它會阻止新的研究計畫通過。
serve as a retarder of — formal register pattern
- retarder of progress
- retarder of growth
- major retarder
- biggest retarder
- act as a retarder
- serve as a retarder
- obstacle
more general and widely used; fits any context from physical to abstract
- hindrance
similar in formality, but emphasises an active blocking effect
- bottleneck
specific to a point in a process where flow is restricted
- impediment
slightly more formal; often suggests a lasting barrier
- accelerator
something that speeds up progress or development
- catalyst
something that causes activity or change to happen faster
文法句型
retarder of + noun phrase
用法筆記
Frequently used in formal or analytical writing rather than in everyday speech. When applied to a person, this word may be perceived as harsh or judgmental; in most contexts it is more natural to describe the person's actions (e.g., 'He is slowing progress') rather than using a noun label.
常見錯誤
2. a chemical additive that is mixed into a material such as concrete, plaster, or
緩凝劑
延緩水泥或橡膠等材料硬化的化學添加物
a chemical additive that is mixed into a material such as concrete, plaster, or rubber to make it harden or set more slowly than it normally would.
The crew added a retarder to the concrete to stop it from setting too fast.
工作人員在混凝土中添加了緩凝劑，以免它凝固得太快。
add a retarder to [material] — typical construction usage
Diego mixed a retarder into the plaster to give more time for shaping the ceiling.
Diego 在石膏中加入緩凝劑，以便有更多時間來塑造天花板。
In hot weather, concrete mixed without a retarder can begin to harden within minutes.
在天氣炎熱的時候，沒有添加緩凝劑的混凝土可能在幾分鐘內就開始硬化。
mixed without a retarder — shows necessity in certain conditions
Baraka tested different amounts of retarder to find the right curing speed for the rubber.
Baraka 測試了不同劑量的緩凝劑，以找出橡膠最適當的硫化速度。
Adina explained that a plaster retarder is essential when working on large decorative ceiling moulds.
Adina 解釋說，在製作大型裝飾天花板模具時，石膏緩凝劑是必不可少的。
plaster retarder — compound noun in technical use
- concrete retarder
- plaster retarder
- retarder admixture
- add a retarder
- retarder for rubber
- retarder dosage
- retarder additive
- inhibitor
broader term used in chemistry; can also mean a substance that stops a reaction entirely
- stabilizer
keeps a material in a steady state rather than just slowing its change
- retardant
closest synonym, often used interchangeably (e.g., 'fire retardant'), though 'retardant' is more common as an adjective
- accelerator
a substance that speeds up the setting or curing process
文法句型
retarder + noun (modifier)
add a retarder to + noun
retarder for + material
用法筆記
Commonly used in construction, materials science, and manufacturing contexts. The specific material is often named in a compound noun (e.g., 'concrete retarder', 'gypsum retarder', 'rubber retarder'). Uncountable when referring to the substance in general ('Retarder is added to the mix'); countable when referring to types or brands ('This retarder works better than that one').
常見錯誤
3. a mechanical or hydraulic braking device installed along railway tracks that red
減速器
鐵軌上控制貨車車廂速度的制動裝置
a mechanical or hydraulic braking device installed along railway tracks that reduces the speed of freight cars as they roll into a classification yard or siding.
The retarder on the track slowed the freight car before the siding ended.
軌道上的減速器在側線結束前降低了貨車的速度。
retarder on [track/siding] — shows location on railway infrastructure
Darius watched the yard operator activate the retarder to slow the rolling cars.
Darius 看著調車場操作員啟動減速器，以減緩滾動中的貨車。
activate the retarder — verb + noun collocation
A faulty retarder caused two wagons to collide at the bottom of the hump.
一個故障的減速器導致兩節車廂在駝峰底部相撞。
Trang learned to maintain the hydraulic retarder as part of her railway training course.
Trang 在鐵路培訓課程中學習了液壓減速器的維護方法。
hydraulic retarder — identifies the type of braking mechanism
- hydraulic retarder
- track retarder
- retarder system
- activate the retarder
- retarder on the siding
- hump yard retarder
- computer-controlled retarder
- track brake
a more general term for any braking device mounted on rails
- decelerator
rare in railway contexts; more common in physics and automotive engineering
文法句型
retarder on + noun (track/siding)
retarder + noun (modifier)
activate/operate the retarder
用法筆記
Almost exclusively used in railway engineering and operations. Retarders are typically found in hump yards (classification yards built on a slope) where freight cars roll downhill and must be slowed before coupling. The device may be operated manually or by computer.
常見錯誤
同根字
- retard動詞C2
- retardation名詞C2
- retarded形容詞C2
常見搭配
常用片語
- act as a retarder
- serve as a retarder
- function as a retarder
介系詞搭配
- retarder for [material]
- retarder of [progress/process]