roll
/rəʊl/ (bre, ipa) · /rəʊl/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈrōl/ (ame, mw) · /roʊl/ (ame, ipa)
roll — 動詞
1. to change position across the ground by spinning, so that the leading and traili
滾動
沿地面旋轉移動
to change position across the ground by spinning, so that the leading and trailing parts of a round object, or the head and feet of a person, repeatedly swap places while moving in a given direction.
Emre watched the orange ball roll down the hill and into the street.
Emre 看著那顆橘色的球滾下山坡，滾到了街上。
roll + adv/prep: down + into
The children took turns to roll a large tyre across the field.
孩子們輪流把一個大輪胎滾過操場。
transitive: roll + noun + adv/prep
Nadia rolled the coin across the table towards her brother.
Nadia 把那枚硬幣滾過桌面，推向她弟弟。
A small stone rolled off the cliff and landed in the river below.
一顆小石頭滾落懸崖，掉進了下方的河裡。
The kitten rolled onto its back and played with a piece of string.
那隻小貓滾到背上，玩著一根繩子。
文法句型
roll + adv/prep
roll + noun + adv/prep
用法筆記
Frequently followed by a preposition or adverb (down, off, across, onto) that specifies direction. The intransitive form describes the object's own motion; the transitive form means someone causes the motion.
常見錯誤
2. to move ahead in a smooth, even way without jerks or halts — like a car coasting
平順移動
平穩順暢地前進
to move ahead in a smooth, even way without jerks or halts — like a car coasting downhill, water running in a channel, or smoke drifting on the breeze.
Jin rolled his suitcase along the platform to reach the train.
Jin 拉著行李廂沿著月臺走向火車。
transitive: roll + noun + along
Thick fog rolled across the valley after the sun went down.
太陽下山後，濃霧滾滾地湧進山谷。
intransitive + adv/prep (fog as subject)
The river rolls gently through the farmland towards the sea.
那條河緩緩流過農田，朝著大海而去。
The old car rolled to a stop at the bottom of the hill.
那輛老舊的汽車緩緩滑行到山腳，最後停了下來。
Tears rolled down Maeve's cheeks as she read the letter.
Maeve 讀著信，淚水順著臉頰流了下來。
文法句型
roll + adv/prep
roll + noun + adv/prep
用法筆記
Subject is often a vehicle, a body of water, fog or smoke, or tears. Unlike sense 1, there is no turning over; the entire object glides or flows as a whole.
常見錯誤
3. to lean repeatedly from one side to the other and back again, describing the mov
搖晃
船或飛機左右搖擺
to lean repeatedly from one side to the other and back again, describing the movement of a ship, aircraft, or vehicle when pushed by wind or waves.
The ship rolled heavily as the storm broke over the deck.
暴風雨襲擊甲板時，船身劇烈地左右搖晃。
intransitive: ship rolls in bad weather
The small plane began to roll from side to side in the strong wind.
那架小飛機在強風中開始左右搖晃。
roll from side to side
Even large boats roll a little when big waves hit the side.
即使是大型船隻，大浪拍打船舷時也會稍微搖晃。
The ferry rolled gently as it crossed the channel between the islands.
渡輪在島嶼之間的海峽上航行時，輕輕地左右搖晃著。
文法句型
roll (with no object — describes the vehicle)
用法筆記
Distinct from 'pitch' (front-to-back tilt) and 'yaw' (left-right swivel of the nose). Only 'roll' describes side-to-side leaning. Common in weather reports and travel stories.
常見錯誤
4. to begin functioning or moving, especially of cameras, printing equipment, or pr
啟動
機器開始運轉
to begin functioning or moving, especially of cameras, printing equipment, or production lines; or to cause such equipment to start.
The camera crew started rolling the moment the actor spoke.
演員一開口說話，攝影組就開始拍攝。
transitive: roll a camera = start filming
The printing press was already rolling by the time I arrived.
我到達的時候，印刷機已經在運轉了。
intransitive: machine rolls = is running
The technicians got the production line rolling after the power cut.
停電之後，技師們設法讓生產線重新動了起來。
The film crew kept the cameras rolling while the director explained the scene.
導演解釋場景時，攝影組一直讓攝影機保持運轉。
文法句型
roll (machine as subject)
roll + noun (start the machine)
用法筆記
Common in film production ('rolling' = the camera is recording). Also used for any industrial or mechanical process. 'Get rolling' is a fixed informal phrase meaning 'start'.
5. to move your eyes upward in a circular motion as a way of showing that you find
翻白眼
向上轉動眼球表示不屑
to move your eyes upward in a circular motion as a way of showing that you find something or someone stupid, annoying, or not worth taking seriously.
Felipe rolled his eyes when his friend told the same joke again.
朋友又講了同一個笑話，Felipe 翻了翻白眼。
roll + possessive + eyes + at/about [trigger]
Kemi rolled her eyes at her brother's silly excuse for being late.
Kemi 聽了她哥哥蹩腳的遲到理由，翻了個白眼。
The whole class rolled their eyes when the teacher announced extra homework.
老師宣布要加派額外作業時，全班都翻了白眼。
The librarian rolled her eyes as the students whispered loudly during the test.
學生在考試中竊竊私語，圖書館員翻了個白眼。
文法句型
roll + possessive + eyes
用法筆記
The object is always a possessive determiner + 'eyes' ('my eyes', 'his eyes', 'their eyes'). The phrase is informal and often considered rude in formal settings. Cannot be used with a different body part.
常見錯誤
6. to turn or wind a flat, flexible object over itself repeatedly so that it become
捲起；包捲
將扁平物體捲成管狀或球狀
to turn or wind a flat, flexible object over itself repeatedly so that it becomes a tube, ball, or neat bundle, or to cover something by wrapping it in this way.
Théo rolled his wet towel into a tight ball before packing it.
Théo 把濕毛巾緊緊捲成一團，然後放進包包裡。
roll + noun + into a ball/tube
Christopher rolled up his sleeves and began to knead the dough.
Christopher 捲起袖子，開始揉麵團。
roll up = fold upward (clothing)
The yoga mat was rolled tightly by Eve and stored in the corner.
瑜伽墊被 Eve 緊緊捲起，收在角落裡。
Before Vikram carried the carpet to the storage room, he carefully rolled it.
Vikram 先把地毯小心捲好，再扛到儲藏室。
After finishing the hike, Aaron rolled the sleeping bag and secured it with a strap.
健行結束後，Aaron 把睡袋捲起來並用帶子固定好。
- unroll
to open out something that was rolled up
文法句型
roll + noun + up/down/into
roll + noun + adv/prep
用法筆記
Often used with particles: 'roll up' (fold upward, as with sleeves or blinds), 'roll into' (form into a ball or cylinder), 'roll out' (unfurl, the opposite action). Sense 6 contrasts with sense 1 because the object does not travel across a surface — instead it changes shape.
常見錯誤
7. to create a cigarette by placing a small amount of tobacco on a thin paper, then
捲菸
用紙將菸草捲成管狀
to create a cigarette by placing a small amount of tobacco on a thin paper, then wrapping and twisting the paper closed by hand
At the party, Bao showed his cousin how to roll a cigarette with one hand.
派對上，Bao 單手教表弟如何捲菸。
roll + cigarette (the making, not the smoking)
Naoko bought rolling papers from the corner shop but had trouble rolling them neatly.
Naoko 在雜貨店買了捲菸紙，但一直捲不整齊。
Instead of buying packs, Yasmin prefers to roll her own cigarettes using loose tobacco.
Yasmin 不買盒裝菸，她更喜歡用散裝菸草自己捲。
The old fisherman rolled a cigarette and lit it while watching the sunset.
老漁夫捲了一根菸，邊看日落邊點燃。
文法句型
roll + cigarette
用法筆記
Object is always 'a/one's cigarette' or a closely related noun like 'one's own'. Not used for machine-made cigarettes.
常見錯誤
8. to shorten a sleeve, trouser leg, or similar garment item by turning its lower e
折起；挽起
將衣物邊緣摺疊使變短
to shorten a sleeve, trouser leg, or similar garment item by turning its lower edge upward and pressing the folded material against itself
Nellie rolled up the sleeves of her shirt before washing the dishes.
Nellie 在洗碗前把襯衫袖子捲起來。
roll up + clothing item
Lan rolled the cuffs of his trousers to keep them dry in the puddles.
Lan 把褲管捲起來，以免踩到水坑弄濕。
These linen trousers do not roll well because the fabric is too stiff.
這條亞麻褲布料太硬，不太好捲。
The tailor showed Greta how to roll the hem of the dress evenly.
裁縫師教 Greta 如何把裙擺均勻地折起來。
- unroll
to open out what was folded
文法句型
roll + up + noun phrase
roll + adverb/preposition
用法筆記
Often used with the particle 'up'. The intransitive form is less common and usually needs an adverb like 'well' or 'easily'.
常見錯誤
9. to press and flatten a surface by moving a heavy cylindrical object such as a ro
輾平；壓平
用滾筒或擀麵棍壓平表面
to press and flatten a surface by moving a heavy cylindrical object such as a roller or rolling pin over it
After spreading the dough, Layla rolled it flat with a wooden pin.
Layla 把麵團攤開後用木棍壓平。
roll + dough + flat (resultative adjective)
The groundskeeper rolled the cricket pitch to make it smooth for the match.
場地管理員把板球場輾平，讓比賽場地更平整。
Before laying the turf, Hiro rolled the soil until it was completely level.
Hiro 在鋪草皮之前把泥土輾到完全平整。
Ari rolled the wet clay with a pin to create an even slab for pottery.
Ari 用擀麵棍把濕黏土壓平，做出均勻的陶板。
文法句型
roll + noun phrase + flat/out
用法筆記
Frequently used with a resultative adjective such as 'flat', 'thin', or 'level' to describe the outcome of pressing.
常見錯誤
10. to produce deep, low-pitched noise that lasts for several moments and changes in
轟鳴；隆隆響
發出低沉持續的共鳴聲
to produce deep, low-pitched noise that lasts for several moments and changes in volume, such as thunder moving across the sky or a large drum being struck repeatedly
Thunder rolled across the valley as the storm approached the village.
雷聲在山谷中轟鳴，暴風雨逐漸逼近村莊。
roll + across/through [location]
In the temple courtyard, the great drums rolled slowly during the ceremony.
寺廟的庭院裡，大鼓在儀式中緩慢地隆隆作響。
The cannons rolled across the harbour as the warship arrived.
軍艦抵達時，砲聲在港灣中隆隆作響。
A low rumble rolled through the tunnel when the train passed above.
火車從上方駛過時，隧道裡傳來一陣低沉的轟鳴聲。
- rumble
lower and more continuous; less about the build-and-fade quality
- reverberate
more formal; emphasises an echo or reflection of sound
文法句型
roll + adverb/preposition
用法筆記
Subject is usually a natural or artificial sound source such as thunder, drums, cannons, or an echo. The sound is continuous and low-pitched, not sharp or short.
常見錯誤
11. to say the letter 'r' with a vibrating tongue tip that touches the area just beh
發顫音
舌尖快速振動發出顫抖的 r 音
to say the letter 'r' with a vibrating tongue tip that touches the area just behind the upper teeth, creating a rapid trembling sound
In Spanish class, Mr. Rodríguez taught Saira how to roll her r's.
西班牙語課上，Rodríguez 老師教 Saira 如何發顫音 r。
roll + possessive + r's (standard pattern)
When speaking Italian, you must roll the r sound in words like 'carro'.
說義大利語時，像 'carro' 這類單字需要發顫音 r。
Christopher could not roll his r's, so his Spanish accent sounded foreign.
Christopher 發不出顫音 r，所以他的西班牙語腔調聽起來很生硬。
To sound more natural in Portuguese, Beatriz practiced rolling her r's every morning.
為了講葡萄牙語更自然，Beatriz 每天早上練習發顫音 r。
- trill
the technical linguistic term; less common in everyday speech
文法句型
roll + possessive + r's
用法筆記
Only used with the letter 'r' (or 'r's') as the object. Cannot be used with other letters. The trilled 'r' is common in languages such as Spanish, Italian, Russian, and Scottish English.
常見錯誤
roll — 名詞
1. a long, flat piece of paper, film, cloth, or similar material that has been woun
卷
捲成筒狀的材料
a long, flat piece of paper, film, cloth, or similar material that has been wound around itself so that it forms a tube
Putri bought three rolls of wrapping paper to finish packaging all her presents.
Putri 買了三卷包裝紙，好把她的所有禮物都包好。
roll of [material] — quantity phrase
The old camera still had a roll of black-and-white film inside it.
那台舊相機裡面還裝著一卷黑白底片。
A single roll of wallpaper was enough to cover the entire hallway wall.
一卷壁紙就夠鋪滿整面走廊的牆。
Nkechi unrolled the kitchen towel roll and hung it on the holder.
Nkechi 打開廚房紙巾卷，掛到架子上。
The delivery truck carried five large rolls of carpet for the new hotel.
那輛貨車載了五大卷地毯，要送去新的飯店。
文法句型
a roll of [material]
用法筆記
This sense is almost always preceded by a roll of — the container noun phrase that specifies the material.
2. a thick fold of extra flesh on a person's or animal's body, often resulting from
肥肉摺
身體上多餘的脂肪皺褶
a thick fold of extra flesh on a person's or animal's body, often resulting from being overweight
The old bulldog had thick rolls of fat around its neck and chest.
那隻老鬥牛犬的脖子和胸口有厚厚一圈肥肉。
rolls of fat — fixed collocation
Hana sucked in her stomach, but the roll of fat above her belt was visible.
Hana 吸了吸肚子，但她腰帶上方的一圈肥肉還是很明顯。
The vet explained that the cat's rolls of fat could lead to health problems.
獸醫說那隻貓身上的肥肉可能會導致健康問題。
Xiu noticed a small roll of fat around the puppy's middle after months of overfeeding.
Xiu 注意到那隻小狗吃胖幾個月後，肚子長出了一圈肥肉。
用法筆記
Almost always used in the plural (rolls of fat) when describing an overweight person or animal. The singular (a roll of fat) is used when referring to one specific fold.
常見錯誤
3. a piece of baked bread that is small and round, made for a single person to eat
小圓麵包
一人份的小圓麵包
a piece of baked bread that is small and round, made for a single person to eat
Emre bought a warm bread roll from the bakery and ate it with butter.
Emre 從麵包店買了一個熱騰騰的小圓麵包，配上奶油吃。
bread roll — common compound
The sandwich was made with a crusty roll filled with ham and cheese.
那個三明治用的是外皮酥脆的小圓麵包，夾了火腿和起司。
At dinner, the waiter placed a basket of fresh rolls on the table.
晚餐時，服務生把一籃剛出爐的小圓麵包放在桌上。
Putri prefers soft white rolls over whole-wheat bread for her lunch.
Putri 午餐喜歡吃軟的白麵包，不愛全麥麵包。
Lucía sliced the roll in half, toasted it in the oven, and added cheese.
Lucía 把小圓麵包切半放進烤箱烤，再加起司。
用法筆記
In British English, roll is the most common term; alternatives include bap (North England), bun (sweet or savoury), and cob (Midlands). In American English, a dinner roll or bread roll is standard.
4. an official list containing the names of people who belong to a particular group
名冊
團體或機構的正式名單
an official list containing the names of people who belong to a particular group, class, or organisation
The teacher checked the class roll to see which students were absent.
老師檢查班級名冊，看哪些學生缺席了。
class roll / school roll — typical in education
Hana's name was added to the honour roll after she finished top of her class.
Hana 以全班第一名畢業，名字被列入榮譽榜。
Every citizen must be registered on the electoral roll before election day.
每位公民都必須在選舉日前登記在選民名冊上。
The lawyer's name was removed from the state roll of approved attorneys.
那位律師的名字被從州政府核准的律師名冊中移除。
Andrei's name appeared on the roll of approved contractors for the city.
Andrei 的名字出現在市政府的合格承包商名冊上。
用法筆記
Frequently found in compounds such as school roll, electoral roll, honour roll, and class roll. The roll implies authority — it is kept by the institution, not by an individual.
常見錯誤
5. the process of reading out the names on an official list to find out who is pres
點名
逐一唱名確認出席情況
the process of reading out the names on an official list to find out who is present and who is absent
The teacher took the roll at the start of every morning class.
老師每天早上第一堂課都會先點名。
take the roll / call the roll — fixed phrases
Cole arrived late and missed the roll call, so the teacher marked him absent.
Cole 遲到了，沒趕上點名，老師就把他記為缺席。
The sergeant called the roll before the soldiers began their morning training.
中士在士兵開始晨間訓練前先點了名。
During roll call, each student answered 'here' when their name was announced.
點名的時候，每個學生聽到自己的名字就回答「有」。
Roll was taken twice a day at summer camp to track the children.
夏令營一天點名兩次，追蹤孩子們的動向。
- attendance check
more general; can be any method of checking who is present, not necessarily by reading names aloud
- headcount
focuses on counting the number of people rather than identifying each person by name
用法筆記
Used primarily in the fixed expressions take the roll, call the roll, and roll call. The verb take or call combines with the roll; the compound roll call can also stand alone as a noun.
6. the action of turning the body over on the ground, or of something turning over
翻滾
在地上翻轉身體的動作
the action of turning the body over on the ground, or of something turning over and over in a circular motion
The gymnast performed a perfect forward roll across the mat during her routine.
那位體操選手在墊子上做了一個完美的前滾翻動作。
forward roll / backward roll — compound nouns in gymnastics
Xiu's son did a clumsy roll down the grassy hill and came up laughing.
Xiu 的兒子從草坡上笨拙地滾下來，笑著爬起來。
The puppy did a happy roll in the mud and got dirt on its fur.
小狗開心地在地上打了一個滾，沾得一身泥。
A single roll of the dice decided who would go first in the board game.
擲一次骰子就決定了誰在桌遊中先走。
The log took a slow roll down the slope before stopping at the bottom.
那根木頭慢慢地滾下斜坡，在底部停了下來。
- somersault
a specific acrobatic roll where the body turns head over heels; more dramatic than a simple roll
- tumble
implies a faster, less controlled rolling movement, often accidental
用法筆記
Distinguish from noun sense 1 (TUBE): this sense describes an action or motion, not a physical object. The phrases a roll of the dice and a roll of the ball are common in games and sports contexts.
7. sexual activity that two people share together briefly for enjoyment, without ex
一夜情
短暫且不帶感情的性行為
sexual activity that two people share together briefly for enjoyment, without expecting a romantic relationship to develop
After the wedding party, Nala and Darius ended up having a roll in the hay.
婚禮結束後，Nala 和 Darius 滾了床單。
phrase: a roll in the hay
Salma made it clear she wanted a real relationship, not a casual roll.
Salma 說得很清楚，她要的是認真的感情關係，不是隨便玩玩。
What started as a quick roll became a messy situation for both of them.
原本只是一時興起，最後卻弄得雙方都很尷尬。
The novel opens with two strangers meeting at a bar and sharing a roll.
小說開頭是兩個陌生人在酒吧相遇，然後發生了關係。
- fling
suggests a brief romantic or sexual affair, not necessarily focused on physical enjoyment only
- one-night stand
specifically implies the encounter lasts only a single night, whereas 'roll' can repeat briefly
用法筆記
Informal and potentially offensive in some contexts. Often appears in the fixed phrase 'a roll in the hay' or 'a roll in the sack.' Not used in formal writing.
8. the side-to-side rocking movement of a ship, aircraft, or similar vehicle as it
搖晃；搖擺
船或飛機左右搖晃的動作
the side-to-side rocking movement of a ship, aircraft, or similar vehicle as it moves forward through water or air
The ferry's heavy roll made several passengers grip their seats with white knuckles.
渡輪劇烈搖晃，好幾位乘客緊緊抓住座位，指節都泛白了。
collocation: heavy roll
Pilots train for months to control an aircraft's roll during strong crosswinds.
飛行員要花好幾個月訓練如何在強勁側風中控制飛機的左右搖晃。
Devika felt the boat's roll grow gentler as they entered the sheltered bay.
Devika 覺得船身的搖晃在駛入遮蔽的海灣後變得平緩許多。
Engineers designed a stabilizer system that reduces the roll of cargo ships in rough seas.
工程師設計了一套穩定系統，可以減少貨輪在怒濤中的側向搖擺。
A full roll — a complete rotation — is a basic acrobatic move for small planes.
全滾——也就是機身完整旋轉一圈——是小飛機的基本特技動作。
用法筆記
Distinguish from 'pitch' (up-and-down movement of the bow/stern) and 'yaw' (left-right turning of the nose). In aviation, 'a roll' can also refer to a complete 360-degree rotation of the aircraft around its forward-facing axis.
9. a long, deep, repeated sound, produced especially by the quick beating of a drum
隆隆聲；鼓聲
持續低沉的響聲
a long, deep, repeated sound, produced especially by the quick beating of a drum or by the rumbling of thunder
A roll of thunder shook the windows and sent the children running indoors.
一陣隆隆的雷聲震得窗戶喀喀作響，孩子們都嚇得跑進屋裡。
collocation: a roll of thunder
The drummer played a fast roll that got the whole crowd clapping along.
鼓手打了一段快速的滾奏，全場觀眾都跟著拍手。
Sirin heard a roll of drums as the parade marched around the corner.
Sirin 聽到遊行隊伍轉過街角時傳來一陣鼓聲。
A low roll from the back of the stage built tension before the band began.
舞台後方傳來低沉的鼓音，在樂團開演前營造出緊張氣氛。
Deep rolls of thunder followed each flash of lightning across the dark sky.
每道閃電劃過漆黑的天空之後，便傳來陣陣沉悶的雷聲。
用法筆記
Commonly followed by 'of' plus the source of the sound: 'a roll of drums,' 'a roll of thunder.' The sound is typically prolonged and rhythmic (for drums) or rumbling and continuous (for thunder).