sin
/sɪn/ (bre, ipa) · [sˈɪn] /sɪn/ (ame, ipa) · [sˈɪn] /ˈsin/ (ame, mw)
sin — 名詞
- sinsingular
- sinsplural
1. An act that breaks a rule taught by a religion or a widely accepted moral princi
罪
違反宗教或道德規範的行為
An act that breaks a rule taught by a religion or a widely accepted moral principle, believed to offend God or damage a person's relationship with God — for instance, lying, stealing, or deliberately hurting another person.
Ada confessed her sin to the priest and promised to make things right.
Ada 向神父告解自己的罪，並承諾會彌補過錯。
confess + sin; followed by to + person
Hari believes that harming another person is a sin against God's teachings.
Hari 相信傷害他人是違反上帝教誨的罪。
sin against + belief system
For some religions, failing to give food to the poor counts as a serious sin.
在某些宗教中，不和窮人分享食物被視為一種嚴重的罪。
The seven deadly sins have been discussed by Christian writers for many centuries.
基督教作家數世紀以來一直在討論七宗罪。
Élise asked whether holding a grudge counts as a sin within her faith.
Élise 問在她的信仰中，心懷怨恨是否算是一種罪。
- transgression
more formal; can be legal, social, or religious
- wrongdoing
broader; covers any bad act without religious framing
- offence
can be legal or moral; less religious than sin
用法筆記
Frequently used with commit, confess, or forgive as the verb. The phrase original sin refers to the first sin of Adam and Eve in the Christian tradition.
常見錯誤
2. The ways a person uses their body for physical pleasure, especially sexual activ
邪淫
違反宗教道德的肉體或性行為
The ways a person uses their body for physical pleasure, especially sexual activity, that a religion considers morally wrong or shameful.
The old teachings describe the sin of lust as a fire that consumes the spirit.
古老的教導將情慾之罪描述為吞噬靈魂的火焰。
sin of + [desire/quality]
Élise read that certain bodily pleasures were called sins by early church leaders.
Élise 讀到某些肉體享樂被早期教會領袖稱為罪。
passive: were called sins by
In the novel, the young woman struggles between love and what her religion calls sin.
這部小說中，年輕女子在愛情與宗教視為罪的行為之間掙扎。
Hao's grandfather said that close dancing was treated as a sin in his youth.
Hao 的祖父說在他年輕時，和別人貼身跳舞被視為一種罪。
- carnal sin
specifically about physical, bodily desires; formal or religious
- impurity
a gentler, more general term for sexual wrongdoing in religious contexts
- chastity
the state of avoiding sexual activity considered wrong
用法筆記
Often appears in the fixed phrase sin of the flesh or sins of the body. This sense is mostly found in historical, literary, or theological contexts rather than everyday speech.
3. A personal nine-digit number given by the Canadian government to citizens and pe
社保號碼
加拿大社會保險號碼
A personal nine-digit number given by the Canadian government to citizens and permanent residents, used for tax reporting, employment records, and accessing government benefits.
Christopher checked his SIN before filling out the online tax form.
Christopher 在線上報稅前，先確認了自己的社保號碼。
Employers in Canada must ask for your SIN when you start a new job.
加拿大的雇主在你開始新工作時，必須要求你提供社保號碼。
required when starting a job in Canada
Imani keeps a record of her SIN in a locked drawer.
Imani 把記有自己社保號碼的資料放在上鎖的抽屜裡。
When Hari filed his taxes, he needed to provide his SIN on the form.
Hari 報稅時需要在表格上填寫他的社保號碼。
- Social Insurance Number
the full form of the abbreviation SIN
用法筆記
Always written in capital letters as SIN (not lowercase). This abbreviation is specific to Canada — other countries use different terms such as Social Security Number (SSN) in the United States or National Insurance Number (NI) in the United Kingdom.
常見錯誤
4. An action that most people in a community would describe as terrible, shameful,
罪過
眾人認為非常惡劣的行為
An action that most people in a community would describe as terrible, shameful, or morally unacceptable, even when no religious rule is broken.
Wasting food while others go hungry is a sin, said Iker's mother.
Iker 的母親說，在還有許多人挨餓的時候浪費食物是一種罪過。
collocation: (it) is a sin + to-infinitive / gerund
The team thought it was a sin to spend so much money on office decorations.
團隊認為在辦公室裝飾上花那麼多錢是一種罪過。
Ada feels that ignoring a friend who is in need is a terrible sin.
Ada 覺得忽視需要幫助的朋友是一種可怕的罪過。
In his neighbourhood, not helping an elderly neighbour was considered a sin.
在他住的社區，不幫助年長的鄰居被認為是一種罪過。
用法筆記
Used in everyday conversation to express strong disapproval. Unlike sense 1, this sense does not require a religious framework — it reflects social or personal moral judgment.
sin — 動詞
- sinpresent simple I / you / we / they
- sins3rd person singular
- sinning-ing form
- sinnedpast simple
1. To commit an act that goes against the rules of a faith or against what a commun
犯罪；犯過
違反宗教或道德規範
To commit an act that goes against the rules of a faith or against what a community believes is right, especially in the eyes of God.
Christopher confessed that he had sinned by lying to his parents.
Christopher 坦承他向父母說謊犯了罪。
sin + by + -ing: describes the specific wrong action
The old man believed he had sinned and needed to ask for forgiveness.
那位老先生相信自己犯了罪，需要祈求原諒。
Vikram sinned when he blamed his sister for the vase he had broken.
Vikram 明明是自己打破花瓶，卻怪罪妹妹，因此犯了罪。
Hao felt he had sinned against his family by not visiting his sick grandmother.
Hao 覺得自己沒有探望生病的祖母，是對家人犯了過錯。
The preacher urged the crowd to reflect on how they sin in their daily lives.
牧師呼籲群眾反省自己在日常生活中如何犯罪。
- transgress
more formal; used in legal and religious writing
- offend
softer; can be against a person or a rule
- do wrong
everyday language; less religious
文法句型
sin + by + -ing
sin + against + noun
用法筆記
Intransitive only — you cannot sin something (e.g. ❌ 'He sinned a lie'). Use the pattern sin by + -ing to specify the action, or sin against + noun to name who or what is wronged.
常見錯誤
sin — 縮寫
1. A short form of sine — a mathematical function that gives the ratio of the lengt
正弦
三角函數中的正弦縮寫
A short form of sine — a mathematical function that gives the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the longest side (the hypotenuse) in a right-angled triangle.
In trigonometry class, the teacher wrote sin 30° = 0.5 on the board.
在三角函數課上，老師在黑板上寫下 sin 30° = 0.5。
abbreviation used in formula
Iker used the sin button on his calculator to find the missing side length.
Iker 用計算機上的 sin 鍵來求出缺失的邊長。
The value of sin 90° is 1, which students memorise in their maths lessons.
sin 90° 的值為 1，這是學生在數學課上會記住的。
When Caio checked his maths homework, he calculated the sin of each angle carefully.
Caio 檢查數學作業時，仔細計算了每個角度的正弦值。
- sine
the full form of the abbreviation
- cosine (cos)
the complementary trigonometric function
- tangent (tan)
another related trigonometric function
用法筆記
This abbreviation has no connection to the moral or religious word sin — it comes from Latin sinus (curve or fold). In mathematical writing, sin is usually printed in lowercase roman type: sin, not SIN.