tar
/tɑː(r)/ (bre, ipa) · [tˈɑr] /tɑːr/ (ame, ipa) · [tˈɑr] /ˈtär/ (ame, mw) · /tɑːr/ (bre, ipa)
tar — 名詞
1. a thick, dark, sticky liquid obtained from coal, wood, or petroleum, used to cov
柏油
鋪路或防水用的黑色黏稠物質
a thick, dark, sticky liquid obtained from coal, wood, or petroleum, used to cover roads, roofs, or wooden surfaces in order to protect them from water and weather.
The workers spread hot tar across the road to seal the cracks before winter.
工人在道路上鋪灑熱柏油，在冬天來臨前封住裂縫。
spread hot tar across [surface] — typical road-construction pattern
Emre's grandfather once worked on a crew that mixed tar for roofing houses.
Emre 的祖父曾在一支負責調製屋頂柏油的團隊工作。
mix tar for roofing [purpose]
The strong smell of tar filled the air as the road crew repaired the bridge.
道路施工團隊在維修橋樑時，空氣中瀰漫著濃濃的柏油味。
Old wooden boats were often coated with tar to keep the planks from leaking.
老舊的木船通常會塗上一層柏油，防止木板漏水。
Tanvi noticed black tar on her shoe after walking through the freshly sealed parking lot.
Tanvi 走過剛鋪好的停車場後，發現鞋子上沾了黑色的柏油。
文法句型
tar + noun (as modifier): tar roof, tar road
用法筆記
Uncountable noun — cannot be used with 'a' or 'an'. Frequently used as a modifier before another noun (tar roof, tar pit, tar paper).
常見錯誤
2. a harmful, sticky chemical produced when tobacco leaves burn, found in cigarette
焦油
香菸燃燒產生的致癌物
a harmful, sticky chemical produced when tobacco leaves burn, found in cigarette smoke and known to cause cancer and lung disease.
Cigarette packs in many countries now show how much tar each brand contains.
許多國家的香菸包裝上現在都會標示每支菸所含的焦油量。
tar in cigarette smoke — health context pattern
Doctors warn that tar from tobacco smoke damages the tiny air sacs inside a person's lungs.
醫師警告，菸草燃燒產生的焦油會破壞肺部微小氣囊。
tar in tobacco smoke damages [body part]
Mizuki read a report stating that low-tar cigarettes are not significantly safer than regular ones.
Mizuki 讀到一份報告指出，低焦油香菸並不比一般香菸安全多少。
A brown sticky residue of tar can build up inside the lungs of a long-term smoker.
長期吸菸者的肺部會累積一層褐色黏稠的焦油殘留物。
- carcinogen
a broader category of cancer-causing substances; tar is one type of carcinogen found in smoke
- nicotine
the addictive chemical in tobacco, not the same as tar — tar causes physical lung damage, while nicotine causes addiction
文法句型
tar in [product]: tar in cigarettes
用法筆記
Uncountable noun. Usually modified with 'tobacco' or appears in health contexts. 'Low-tar' is a common compound adjective used on cigarette packaging.
常見錯誤
tar — 動詞
- tarpresent simple I / you / we / they
- tars3rd person singular
- taring-ing form
- taredpast simple
1. to spread or paint a layer of tar onto a surface such as a road, roof, or wooden
塗柏油
在表面塗抹柏油以保護或密封
to spread or paint a layer of tar onto a surface such as a road, roof, or wooden structure in order to protect or seal it.
A team of workers will tar the driveway next Tuesday if the weather stays dry.
一組工人下週二會來鋪柏油車道，前提是天氣保持晴朗。
tar + [surface] — transitive pattern for coating
The old shed roof needs to be tarred again before the rainy season starts.
舊的棚屋頂在雨季來臨前需要重新塗柏油。
Beatriz watched the road crew tar the street outside her apartment building.
Beatriz 看著道路施工隊在她公寓大樓外的街道上鋪柏油。
Every summer the fishermen tar their pier to stop the salt water from rotting the wood.
漁夫們每年夏天都會在碼頭上塗柏油，防止海水腐蝕木頭。
The fence posts were tarred decades ago and are still standing strong.
這些籬笆樁幾十年前塗過柏油，至今依然堅固耐用。
文法句型
tar + noun (object): tar a road/roof
用法筆記
Commonly used in the passive voice (be tarred) when describing the finished state of a surface. Less frequent in everyday speech — more likely in construction or maintenance contexts.
常見錯誤
2. to unfairly connect someone with something bad or unpleasant, so that other peop
抹黑
不公平地將某人與負面事物連結
to unfairly connect someone with something bad or unpleasant, so that other people think negatively of them — for example, treating all members of a group as guilty because of the actions of a few.
Ilan felt that he had been tarred with the same brush as his dishonest business partner.
Ilan 覺得自己因為那不老實的合夥人而受到牽連，被貼上同樣的標籤。
tarred with the same brush — fixed idiom pattern
The entire department was tarred by the scandal even though only two employees were involved.
整個部門都被這起醜聞抹黑，儘管只有兩名員工涉案。
be tarred by [event] — passive pattern
Camille argued that it is unfair to tar all politicians with the same accusation of dishonesty.
Camille 認為，用同樣的欺騙指控來抹黑所有政治人物是不公平的。
After one student cheated, the teacher warned the class not to be tarred by his actions.
一名學生作弊後，老師警告全班不要因為他的行為而一起被抹黑。
Sade's reputation was tarred by a rumour that turned out to be completely false.
Sade 的名聲被一個後來證實純屬虛構的謠言給抹黑了。
- stigmatize
more formal and clinical; implies a lasting social mark
- brand
implies a public, often visible label of disgrace, similar in strength to 'tar'
- label
less harsh than 'tar' — can be neutral or positive
- exonerate
to officially clear someone of blame, the opposite of unfairly associating them with wrongdoing
- distinguish
to treat someone as separate and different from a group, the opposite of lumping them together
文法句型
tar + someone + with + noun phrase: tarred with the same brush
用法筆記
Almost always used in the passive (be tarred) or as a past participle (tarred). The phrase 'tar someone with the same brush' is a fixed idiom meaning to assume someone shares the negative qualities of others in their group. Distinguish from verb sense 1 (COVER WITH TAR), which is literal and concrete.