tourn
tourn — 名詞
1. the twice-yearly circuit a county sheriff made through each hundred of medieval
巡迴審理
中世紀英格蘭郡長定期巡迴各區審案的制度
the twice-yearly circuit a county sheriff made through each hundred of medieval and early modern England, holding court once after Easter and once after Michaelmas
Sir Edmund completed his spring tourn through the hundred of Exeter just after Easter in 1287.
1287 年復活節過後不久，Edmund 爵士完成了穿越埃克塞特百戶區的春季巡迴審理。
collocation: spring tourn
The sheriff's autumn tourn took him across seven different hundreds before the Michaelmas feast.
郡長的秋季巡迴審理在米迦勒節前跨越了七個不同的百戶區。
collocation: autumn tourn
Oakham villagers knew the sheriff would arrive for the tourn within a fortnight of Easter.
奧克姆的村民知道郡長會在復活節後兩週內前來巡迴審理。
Sheriff Aldred Penrose made his final tourn through Chilham hundred in 1887, knowing the circuit would soon be gone.
Aldred Penrose 郡長在 1887 年對 Chilham 百戶區進行了最後一次巡迴審理，心知這項古老制度即將走入歷史。
Clerk Wulfstan recorded the tourn date, the sheriff's seal, and all amercements in the Hoo hundred roll.
書記官 Wulfstan 在 Hoo 百戶區卷宗中記錄了巡迴審理日期、郡長印信及所有罰款。
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 2: the tourn here means the circuit journey itself, not the court session that took place along the way. Always involves movement across multiple hundreds.
常見錯誤
2. the local court session held by the sheriff at each stop on his circuit, dealing
郡法庭
郡長主持的巡迴地方法庭
the local court session held by the sheriff at each stop on his circuit, dealing with minor crimes, neighbour disputes, and everyday matters such as ale-selling offences and boundary disagreements
The tourn heard a complaint from a widow whose neighbour had moved the boundary stone.
郡法庭審理了一位寡婦的投訴，她的鄰居移動了界石。
The tourn fined a miller twelve pence for selling flour above the assize price.
郡法庭對一名磨坊主處以十二便士罰款，因其麵粉售價超過法定標準。
active construction with specific penalty: 'fined a miller twelve pence'
The tourn dealt with a pig that had trampled Farmer Godwin's barley field.
郡法庭處理了一頭豬踐踏了 Godwin 農夫大麥田的案件。
Archivist Miriam Okonkwo unrolled the Kent tourn records and found that bad ale was the most common offence.
檔案管理員 Miriam Okonkwo 展開肯特郡法庭卷宗，發現劣質麥酒是最常見的罪行。
Beatrix spent months in the county archive copying out the Winchester tourn records.
Beatrix 在郡檔案館花了數月時間抄錄溫徹斯特郡法庭的卷宗。
- court leet
a similar local court held by the lord of the manor, not the sheriff
- hundred court
a broader term for any court serving a hundred district; the tourn was a specific type of hundred court
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1: the tourn here means the actual court session, not the journey. The court was not a permanent building — it sat wherever the sheriff stopped on his circuit.