turnover
/ˈtɜːnəʊvə(r)/ (bre, ipa) · [tˈɚnˌovɚ] /ˈtɜːrnəʊvər/ (ame, ipa) · [tˈɚnˌovɚ] /ˈtərn-ˌō-vər/ (ame, mw)
turnover — 名詞
- turnoversingular
- turnoversplural
1. all the money a company receives from selling its products or services during a
營業額
公司特定期間的總銷售金額
all the money a company receives from selling its products or services during a set period, such as a month or a year
The company reported a turnover of $12 million for the last financial year.
該公司報告上一財政年度的營業額為 1200 萬美元。
collocation: turnover of [amount]
The bakery had an annual turnover of just over £500,000 before taxes.
這家烘焙店在稅前的年營業額剛超過 50 萬英鎊。
collocation: annual turnover
Mayumi increased her team's monthly turnover by offering new online services.
Mayumi 透過推出新的線上服務，提高了團隊的月營業額。
Small shops often struggle to match the turnover of large supermarket chains.
小型商店的營業額通常很難追上大型超市連鎖店。
- revenue
broader term covering all income before costs, while turnover specifically refers to sales value
- sales
more direct term for the act or volume of selling, less formal than turnover
- gross income
total earnings before deductions; more formal and accounting-focused
文法句型
turnover of [amount]
annual / monthly turnover
用法筆記
This sense is uncountable and usually appears with a modifier such as an adjective (annual, total, gross) or a prepositional phrase (turnover of + amount). Frequently used with verbs like report, achieve, increase, or double.
常見錯誤
2. the speed at which workers leave an organisation and new workers are brought in
人員流動率
員工離職與新進人員的替換速度
the speed at which workers leave an organisation and new workers are brought in to replace them
The restaurant has a high staff turnover because the working hours are very long.
這家餐廳的員工流動率很高，因為工作時間很長。
collocation: high staff turnover
Faisal noticed that employee turnover dropped after the company introduced flexible working.
Faisal 發現公司推行彈性工作制後，員工流動率下降了。
collocation: employee turnover
Élise was asked to study the reasons behind the recent turnover among junior staff.
Élise 被指派研究近期基層人員流動率偏高的原因。
A turnover rate of 30 percent in the first year is common in the hospitality industry.
在餐旅業，第一年離職率達 30% 是很常見的。
- attrition
more formal term focusing on natural reduction of staff over time
- staff turnover
more specific phrase; turnover on its own can refer to different things
- churn
informal term, often used for customers as well as employees
文法句型
turnover (of [number]%)
high / low turnover
staff / employee turnover
用法筆記
Commonly modified by high, low, or a percentage figure. Staff and employee are typical noun modifiers placed before turnover (staff turnover, employee turnover). This sense is often followed by among + group noun (turnover among nurses) or in + industry sector (turnover in retail).
常見錯誤
3. how quickly products are sold from a store or warehouse and then replaced with n
庫存周轉率
商品售出與補貨的速度
how quickly products are sold from a store or warehouse and then replaced with new stock
The bakery has a fast turnover on fresh bread, selling out by noon most days.
這家烘焙坊的新鮮麵包周轉很快，通常中午前就賣光了。
collocation: fast turnover (on something)
Kian keeps only a small stock because he relies on a quick turnover of goods.
Kian 只保留少量庫存，因為他依賴快速的商品周轉。
collocation: quick turnover of goods
The manager ordered fewer items to improve the turnover of seasonal products.
經理減少了訂貨量，以提升季節性商品的周轉率。
A high turnover of stock means customers find fresh products on the shelves each week.
庫存周轉率高，顧客每週都能在貨架上看到新鮮的商品。
- stockturn
specialised retail term; less common in general English
- inventory turnover
formal accounting term for the same concept
- sales rate
broader term, not limited to replacement of stock
文法句型
turnover (of something)
fast / quick / slow turnover
用法筆記
Often appears with an adjective describing speed (fast, quick, slow, rapid) and the preposition on + product category or of + stock. Unlike the BUSINESS sense, this sense focuses on the rate of sale and replacement cycle, not on monetary value.
常見錯誤
4. a small baked item created by placing a sweet filling, usually fruit, on one hal
水果餡餅
折疊式酥皮點心，內包水果餡
a small baked item created by placing a sweet filling, usually fruit, on one half of pastry dough and folding the other half over the top to form a sealed pocket
Lara bought an apple turnover from the café for her afternoon snack.
Lara 在咖啡館買了一個蘋果餡餅當下午點心。
collocation: apple turnover
The pastry chef filled each turnover with cherry jam and a dusting of sugar.
糕點主廚在每個水果餡餅裡填了櫻桃果醬，再撒上一層糖粉。
Chidi offered his guests warm peach turnovers fresh from the oven.
Chidi 拿出剛出爐的溫熱蜜桃餡餅請客人品嚐。
Hyun prefers a savoury turnover filled with cheese and spinach to a sweet one.
比起甜餡餅，Hyun 更喜歡夾了起司和菠菜的鹹味餡餅。
文法句型
[fruit] turnover
turnover filled with [ingredient]
用法筆記
Turnovers in this sense are countable. The type of filling typically precedes the word (apple turnover, cherry turnover). Savoury versions exist but are less common than sweet fruit turnovers. In American English, a turnover is similar to a handheld pie.
5. in basketball, American football, rugby, and similar sports, a situation where a
失誤
球員失球導致對方取得球權
in basketball, American football, rugby, and similar sports, a situation where a player loses the ball to the opposing team through a mistake or a rule violation
Andrew forced a turnover in the final minute, giving his team a chance to win.
Andrew 在最後一分鐘迫使對方失誤，讓自己的球隊有機會贏球。
collocation: force a turnover
The point guard had five turnovers in the first half, which hurt the team's performance.
那位控球後衛在上半場就發生了五次失誤，嚴重影響了球隊的表現。
Vinícius celebrated after his steal led to a turnover and an easy basket.
Vinícius 抄到球後，對手發生失誤，他輕鬆上籃得分，興奮地慶祝。
Coaches always tell players to protect the ball and avoid careless turnovers.
教練們總是要求球員保護好球，避免粗心大意的失誤。
- loss of possession
more formal and descriptive; used in official game reports
- giveaway
less common synonym, used mainly in hockey and basketball broadcasts
文法句型
[number] turnovers
commit / force a turnover
用法筆記
Primarily used in North American sports commentary and analysis. Common verbs paired with this sense are force, commit, cause, record, and avoid. It is also used metaphorically in business contexts ('a political turnover') though this is rare.
turnover — 形容詞
- turnoverpositive
- more turnovercomparative
- most turnoversuperlative
1. designed so that the upper side can be flipped to the bottom, or the front can b
可翻轉的
可以翻面或折疊使用的
designed so that the upper side can be flipped to the bottom, or the front can be folded back, allowing both sides or orientations to be used
The turnover collar on this jacket looks stylish when flipped up against the wind.
這件夾克的可翻式領子在遇到風時翻起來，看起來很時尚。
collocation: turnover collar
Leo bought a turnover mattress that can be used on either side.
Leo 買了一張可翻面使用的床墊，兩面輪流用可以延長使用壽命。
Sophia chose the pot with a turnover rim so that pouring would be less messy.
Sophia 選了那個有翻邊壺口的鍋子，倒東西時比較不會弄髒。
These turnover baking trays allow you to use both sides for even heating.
這些可翻面使用的烤盤讓你兩面輪流加熱，受熱更均勻。
- reversible
more common and broader term for items that can be used with either side facing outward
- flippable
informal synonym, used especially for mattresses and furniture
文法句型
turnover [noun] — attributive only
用法筆記
Almost always used attributively (before a noun). The most common collocation is turnover collar, referring to a shirt or jacket collar that can be folded down. This sense is uncommon in everyday conversation and is considered technical or specialist.