wilfully
/ˈwɪlfəli/ (bre, ipa) · [wˈɪlfəli] /ˈwɪlfəli/ (ame, ipa)
wilfully — 副詞
1. after choosing to do something on purpose, especially when the person knows it b
故意；蓄意
明知不對仍故意這樣做
after choosing to do something on purpose, especially when the person knows it breaks a rule or causes harm
Gita wilfully ignored the nurse's warning and kept running on her injured ankle.
Gita 明知腳踝受傷，還是故意無視護士的警告繼續跑。
pattern: wilfully + ignored a warning
The company wilfully dumped paint into the stream after inspectors left the area.
那家公司在稽查員離開現場後，仍蓄意把油漆倒進溪流裡。
formal accusation in reports or legal writing
Nora wilfully deleted the class photos before anyone could save them.
Nora 故意刪掉班上的照片，不讓任何人先存檔。
Christopher wilfully broke the lab rule and mixed the two powders.
Christopher 蓄意違反實驗室規定，把那兩種粉末混在一起。
Even after the bell rang, Yara wilfully blocked the doorway with a chair.
就算鐘聲已經響了，Yara 還是故意用椅子擋住門口。
- deliberately
broader and more neutral; 'wilfully' adds blame or defiance
- intentionally
focuses on conscious choice, but often sounds less critical
- knowingly
stresses awareness of facts or risk more than stubborn wrongdoing
- accidentally
describes something that happens without intention
- unintentionally
shows there was no plan to do the act
文法句型
wilfully + verb
用法筆記
Common in formal and legal writing about ignored warnings, broken rules, or hidden facts. British English usually spells this form 'wilfully'; American English more often uses 'willfully'.