yeoman
yeoman — 名詞
- yeomansingular
- yeomenplural
1. In medieval England, a peasant farmer who held his own land outright and grew cr
自耕農
中世紀擁有並耕作自己土地的自由人
In medieval England, a peasant farmer who held his own land outright and grew crops to feed his household, rather than renting fields or labouring for a lord.
In the 14th century, Darius worked as a yeoman on his small farm in Kent.
14 世紀時，Darius 在肯特郡自己的小農場上以自耕農身分耕作。
historical context: contrasts with tenant farmers and serfs
Village records show Kwame's grandfather was a yeoman who paid taxes on his land.
村莊紀錄顯示 Kwame 的祖父是一名自耕農，在自己的土地上繳納稅金。
countable + possessive 'his own land'
Unlike serfs bound to the estate, a yeoman like Eli sold his crops at market.
與屬於莊園的農奴不同，像 Eli 這樣的自耕農將自己的農作物拿到市場販售。
Kenji's great-grandfather was a yeoman who left the farm to his eldest son.
Kenji 的曾祖父是一名自耕農，把農場留給了大兒子。
- freeholder
More technical legal term; yeoman emphasises the farming aspect
- smallholder
Modern equivalent, but without the social-status implications of yeoman
- serf
A labourer bound to the land, the opposite of a free yeoman
- tenant farmer
Rented land instead of owning it
用法筆記
Now used mainly in historical writing about medieval and Tudor England. The term is not used for modern farmers.
2. A US Navy petty officer who manages paperwork, official records, and office comm
海軍文書員
美國海軍中處理文書的士官
A US Navy petty officer who manages paperwork, official records, and office communications.
Sofia served as a yeoman on the carrier, managing payroll and personnel records.
Sofia 在航空母艦上擔任海軍文書員，負責管理薪資和人事紀錄。
serve as + yeoman; rank and duties
Before joining supply, Maeve worked as a yeoman writing daily navy reports.
Maeve 在調到補給部門之前，擔任海軍文書員，負責撰寫每日海軍報告。
The navy yeoman at the base tracks all incoming and outgoing official messages.
基地的海軍文書員負責追蹤所有進出官方訊息。
Reema trained for six months to qualify as a navy yeoman after joining the fleet.
Reema 加入艦隊後，接受了六個月的訓練才取得海軍文書員資格。
- clerk
Broader civilian equivalent; yeoman is specific to the Navy rank
- petty officer
The rank category; yeoman is one specific rating within it
用法筆記
Still an active rank in the US Navy today. Usually appears without a modifying adjective in military contexts.
3. A member of the guards who take part in official ceremonies for the British king
皇家衛兵
英國王室儀仗隊的衛兵
A member of the guards who take part in official ceremonies for the British king or queen, especially the warders dressed in Tudor-style costume at the Tower of London.
Tourists at the Tower of London often photograph the yeoman in his red uniform.
倫敦塔的觀光客經常拍攝身穿紅色制服的皇家衛兵。
ceremonial role: linked to Tower of London
Hoa watched the yeoman guards march with their tall hats shining in the sun.
Hoa 觀看皇家衛兵行進，他們的高帽在陽光下閃閃發光。
Each morning a yeoman unlocks the Tower of London gates for the visitors.
每天早晨，一名皇家衛兵打開倫敦塔的大門迎接訪客。
Lukas asked the yeoman at the gate for directions to the Crown Jewels exhibition.
Lukas 向入口處的皇家衛兵詢問前往珍寶展的方向。
- Beefeater
Informal nickname commonly used by tourists and the press
- Yeoman Warder
Full official title for Tower of London yeomen
用法筆記
Often called a 'Yeoman Warder' or informally a 'Beefeater'. The group is formally known as the Yeomen of the Guard.