circulation

/ˌsɜːkjəˈleɪʃn/ (bre, ipa) · /ˌsɜːrkjəˈleɪʃn/ (ame, ipa) · /ˌsər-kyə-ˈlā-shən/ (ame, mw)

circulation — 名詞

  • circulationsingular
  • circulationsplural

1. the way in which news, ideas, money, or products move through a community or soc

1.名詞B2
釋義

流通

資訊、貨幣或商品在人群中傳遞

the way in which news, ideas, money, or products move through a community or society, reaching many different people or places.

例句

The new fifty-dollar note entered circulation at banks across Taiwan last week.

上週這張新的五十元鈔票已在台灣各地的銀行開始流通。

enter circulation — start being used by the public

Priya was surprised to learn that her photograph had entered circulation on several websites.

Priya 驚訝地發現她的照片已經在多個網站上流通。

同義詞
  • spread

    less structured and can apply to physical things like disease; circulation implies movement through a network

  • transmission

    focuses on the act of passing from a sender to a receiver, often for signals or data

  • dissemination

    more formal and deliberate, emphasising active scattering of information to a wide audience

反義詞
  • withdrawal

    the removal of something from circulation, especially money or official documents

  • stagnation

    lack of movement or flow, the opposite of active circulation

用法筆記

Frequently used in fixed phrases: in circulation, out of circulation, put into circulation, and withdraw from circulation. The subject or object is typically money, news, information, or goods. Out of circulation can also refer metaphorically to a person who is not currently socialising.

常見錯誤

❌The new coin is in the circulation.
✅The new coin is in circulation.
💡The phrase 'in circulation' never takes an article.

2. the count of issues of a periodical that readers buy, usually expressed per day,

2.名詞C2
釋義

發行量

報紙或雜誌的銷售數量

the count of issues of a periodical that readers buy, usually expressed per day, week, or month.

例句

The fashion magazine has a monthly circulation of around 150,000 copies in Japan.

這本時尚雜誌在日本每月的發行量約為十五萬份。

has a circulation of [number] — expressing sales figures

Local newspapers have seen their circulation fall sharply since digital news became popular.

自數位新聞普及以來，地方報紙的發行量已大幅下滑。

circulation falls/declines — downward trend in readership

同義詞
  • readership

    broader term that includes people who borrow or share copies, not just those who buy

  • sales

    focuses on the commercial transaction rather than the social reach

用法筆記

Usually used with a number or figure, often in the construction 'has a circulation of + number'. Commonly modified by 'daily', 'weekly', or 'monthly'. Not used for electronic-only publications — online readership is usually called 'unique visitors' or 'page views'.

常見錯誤

❌The magazine has a high circulation readers.
✅The magazine has a high circulation.
💡Circulation already expresses the number of readers; do not repeat 'readers'.

3. the movement by which the heart pumps blood through veins and arteries so that e

3.名詞C2
釋義

血液循環

血液在心臟和血管中流動的過程

the movement by which the heart pumps blood through veins and arteries so that every organ in the body receives the oxygen and fuel it needs.

例句

Regular exercise improves blood circulation and helps keep the heart strong.

規律運動可以改善血液循環，並幫助心臟保持強健。

improve circulation — make blood flow better

The doctor checked Hana's circulation by feeling the pulse in her wrist.

醫生透過觸摸 Hana 手腕上的脈搏來檢查她的血液循環。

check (someone's) circulation — medical examination

同義詞
  • blood flow

    more specific about the movement of blood as a stream, used in exercise and physiology contexts

用法筆記

Often modified by 'poor', 'good', 'healthy', or 'improved'. Although 'blood circulation' is common, the word 'circulation' alone implies blood when the context is medical. The circulatory system includes the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries.

常見錯誤

❌I have bad blood circulation in my legs.
✅I have poor circulation in my legs.
💡'Blood' is usually omitted in natural medical contexts.