civil law
civil law — 名詞
1. the area of law that handles disagreements between individuals or companies over
民事法
處理私人糾紛的法律領域
the area of law that handles disagreements between individuals or companies over matters such as contracts, property damage, and family relationships, rather than dealing with criminal acts.
After their car accident, the two drivers ended up in civil law, not criminal court.
車禍發生後，那兩位駕駛最終進的是民事法庭，而非刑事法庭。
contrast: civil law vs criminal court
The lawyer told us that disputes over unpaid rent fall under civil law.
律師告訴我們，拖欠租金的糾紛屬於民事法管轄。
Emma studied civil law because she wanted to help families with custody cases.
Emma 研讀民事法，因為她想協助家庭處理子女監護權的案件。
A judge trained in civil law handles claims for broken agreements and personal injuries.
受過民事法訓練的法官負責審理違約和人身傷害的索賠案件。
Most disputes about wills and inheritances are resolved through civil law.
大多數有關遺囑和繼承的爭議都是透過民事法來解決的。
- private law
broader term covering civil law as well as commercial law; less commonly used in everyday speech
- criminal law
the system that deals with crimes and punishment rather than private disputes
用法筆記
Often contrasted with criminal law, which deals with offences against the state.
常見錯誤
2. the collection of laws created in ancient Rome, especially the systematic code p
羅馬法
古羅馬的法律體系，尤指查士丁尼法典
the collection of laws created in ancient Rome, especially the systematic code produced under the emperor Justinian in the 6th century AD.
The Justinian code became the foundation of civil law across much of Europe.
查士丁尼法典成為歐洲大部分地區羅馬法體系的基礎。
collocation: foundation of civil law
Henry's university course on legal history began with Roman civil law and the Twelve Tables.
Henry 的法律史課程從羅馬法與十二銅表法開始教起。
Scholars spent centuries studying and translating the ancient civil law texts from Rome.
學者們花了數個世紀研究並翻譯古羅馬的法律文獻。
The emperor ordered a single written code to unify all Roman civil law for the empire.
皇帝下令編纂一部統一的成文法，以整合帝國境內的所有羅馬法。
- Roman law
the same body of ancient law; 'civil law' is a traditional English name for it
- Justinian code
specifically the 6th-century compilation, not the whole tradition
用法筆記
This historical sense is used mainly in academic or legal-history contexts.
3. a system of law based on Roman legal principles and written codes, used in most
大陸法系
源自羅馬法的歐陸法律制度
a system of law based on Roman legal principles and written codes, used in most European countries, Japan, and parts of the Americas, as opposed to the common law system used in England and the United States.
France and Germany both follow the civil law system, while the UK follows common law.
法國和德國都採大陸法系，而英國則採普通法系。
contrast: civil law vs common law
When doing business in Japan, Wei had to learn how contracts work under civil law.
在日本做生意時，Wei 必須了解契約在大陸法系下的運作方式。
Louisiana is the only US state that uses civil law instead of common law.
路易斯安那州是美國唯一採用大陸法系而非普通法系的州。
Judges in a civil law system rely on legal codes rather than past court decisions.
在大陸法系國家，法官依據詳細的法典判案，而非參考過去的判決。
- continental law
emphasises the geographic origin in continental Europe
- Romano-Germanic law
the technical academic name for this legal family
- common law
the legal system based on court precedents, used in England, the US, and other English-speaking countries
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1 (private disputes): this sense describes a whole legal system or tradition — such as French or German law — as opposed to the common law tradition. See also common law.
常見錯誤
4. the law that a particular country or state creates and applies within its own te
國內法
國家或州為其管轄區制定的法律
the law that a particular country or state creates and applies within its own territory, as opposed to international law or the law of another jurisdiction.
International courts only hear cases when the country's own civil law cannot provide justice.
國際法院通常只有在該國國內法無法提供正義時才會受理案件。
contrast: domestic vs international law
Each state in Mexico has its own civil law, but federal law applies nationwide.
墨西哥每個州都有自己的國內法，但聯邦法律在全國範圍內都適用。
Rohan's research compared how different nations define citizenship in their civil law.
Rohan 的研究比較了不同國家在其國內法中對公民身分的定義方式。
A treaty can take effect only after each country changes its own civil law to match it.
國際條約通常需要各國先修改自身的國內法，才能正式生效。
- municipal law
formal legal term for the domestic law of a state
- national law
more general term that avoids the ambiguity of 'civil law'
- international law
rules governing relations between countries rather than within one
用法筆記
In international law contexts, 'civil law' can refer to any country's domestic legal rules, whether the country follows a civil-law or common-law tradition.