compaction
/kəmˈpæk.ʃən/ (bre, ipa) · /kəmˈpæk.ʃən/ (ame, ipa) · /kəm-ˈpak-shən käm-/ (ame, mw)
compaction — 名詞
1. the slow geological process where the weight of soil and rock above squeezes loo
壓實成岩
沉積物受壓變成岩石的地質作用
the slow geological process where the weight of soil and rock above squeezes loose grains or sediment until they bind together as solid rock.
Mert explained how compaction turns soft seabed mud into shale over millions of years.
Mert 解釋壓實成岩如何在數百萬年間，把柔軟的海床泥變成頁岩。
collocation: compaction turns [material] into [rock]
The compaction of sand and small shells beneath the lake bed slowly formed limestone.
湖床底下的沙與小貝殼經過壓實成岩，慢慢形成石灰岩。
noun phrase: compaction of [sediment]
Ava studied how compaction in deep ocean trenches changes the shape of buried fossils.
Ava 研究深海海溝中的壓實成岩，如何改變埋藏化石的形狀。
Compaction takes place when layers above press down on softer layers for a very long time.
當上方的地層長時間壓在較軟的地層上，就會發生壓實成岩。
- lithification
more technical; the full process from loose sediment all the way to rock
- consolidation
broader; can describe any tightening of soil or rock, not only the rock-forming stage
- erosion
the opposite process: rock or sediment being worn away rather than pressed together
文法句型
compaction of [material]
用法筆記
Uncountable noun; typically appears with 'of + sediment/sand/mud' or as the subject of a process verb such as 'occurs', 'takes place', 'turns X into Y'.
常見錯誤
2. the act of pressing something firmly so it takes up less space and becomes dense
壓實；壓密
用力把物體壓緊，使體積變小、密度變高
the act of pressing something firmly so it takes up less space and becomes denser, often using a machine on soil, snow, waste, or powder.
Amani drove a heavy roller back and forth for soil compaction before laying the new road.
Amani 在鋪設新路前，開著大型壓路機來回進行土壤壓實。
collocation: soil compaction before [construction step]
Proper compaction of the snow at the base camp made it safer to pitch the tents.
把基地營的雪做好壓實，搭帳篷時就更安全了。
noun phrase: compaction of [material]
Caleb checked the compaction of the rubbish in the truck before driving to the dump.
Caleb 開車去垃圾場前，先檢查了車上垃圾的壓實程度。
The factory uses high-pressure compaction to turn metal powder into small machine parts.
工廠用高壓壓實，把金屬粉末做成小型機械零件。
Padma measured the compaction of the garden soil to see if water could still reach the roots.
Padma 量了花園土壤的壓實程度，看看水是否還能滲到根部。
- compression
broader; also used for gases and forces, not just packing solids tighter
- packing
more everyday word; usually about fitting things into a container rather than squeezing them denser
- loosening
the opposite action of breaking up dense material to let air or water in
文法句型
compaction of [material]
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1: this sense covers a deliberate human or mechanical action over short timescales (minutes to days), whereas sense 1 is a natural geological process over millions of years.