cross
/krɒs/ (bre, ipa) · [krˈɔs] /krɔːs/ (ame, ipa) · [krˈɔs] /ˈkrȯs/ (ame, mw) · [krˈɔs] /krɑːs/ (ame, ipa)
cross — 動詞
- crosspresent simple I / you / we / they
- crosseshe / she / it
- crossedpast simple
- crossing-ing form
1. to travel across a road, river, bridge, or other area and reach the opposite edg
穿過；橫越
從一邊移動到另一邊
to travel across a road, river, bridge, or other area and reach the opposite edge.
Feng looked both ways before he crossed the busy street near his school.
Feng 過馬路前先左右看了看，然後才穿過學校旁那條繁忙的街道。
cross + noun phrase (street, road)
The old stone bridge crosses the river at the narrowest point.
那座古老的石橋在最窄處橫跨這條河流。
inanimate subject; bridge as subject of cross
Sari crossed over to the other side of the room to greet her aunt.
Sari 走到房間的另一邊去迎接她的阿姨。
It took the hikers more than four hours to cross the mountain range.
健行者花了四個多小時才翻越那座山脈。
Noor crossed the square carefully, holding her grandmother's hand.
Noor 小心翼翼地穿越廣場，一邊牽著奶奶的手。
- traverse
more formal; often used for difficult or lengthy journeys across land or sea
- stay
remain on the same side
文法句型
cross + noun phrase (road, river, bridge)
cross + adverb/preposition (over, to)
用法筆記
Can be used transitively (cross the road) or intransitively with a preposition (cross over, cross to).
常見錯誤
2. if a thought or idea crosses your mind, it comes into your thoughts, often sudde
突然想到
念頭突然浮現腦中
if a thought or idea crosses your mind, it comes into your thoughts, often suddenly or unexpectedly.
It never crossed Ignacio's mind that the exam would be so difficult.
Ignacio 從來沒有想過考試會這麼難。
it crosses somebody's mind + that-clause
The thought of leaving her job crossed Chiara's mind more than once.
Chiara 不只一次動過辭職的念頭。
subject (a thought) + crosses + somebody's mind
Did it ever cross your mind that Benjamin might have been telling the truth?
你有沒有想過 Benjamin 說的可能都是實話？
A strange idea crossed Tariro's mind as she watched the rain fall outside the window.
Tariro 望著窗外的雨，一個奇怪的念頭閃過她的腦海。
It crossed my mind that we had forgotten to lock the back door before leaving.
我突然想到我們出門前忘了鎖後門。
- occur to
more common in formal writing; has the same structure 'it occurs to someone that...'
文法句型
it crosses somebody's mind that...
something crosses somebody's mind
用法筆記
Almost always used with 'mind' as a fixed phrase. The subject is typically 'it' or an abstract noun phrase (thought, idea). Not used as 'I crossed my mind' — the thought is the grammatical subject.
常見錯誤
3. to put a limb such as an arm or leg over or across the other one, so that they f
交叉
將四肢疊放在另一側
to put a limb such as an arm or leg over or across the other one, so that they form a folded position.
Heather sat down on the sofa and crossed her legs, feeling more relaxed.
Heather 在沙發上坐下來，翹起二郎腿，覺得放鬆多了。
cross + legs
Andrei crossed his arms and stared silently out of the train window.
Andrei 交叉雙臂，沉默地凝視著火車窗外。
cross + arms (sign of being closed-off or thinking)
Sivan crossed her fingers tightly and hoped the news would be good.
Sivan 緊緊交叉手指，祈禱會有好消息傳來。
Eve crossed her ankles and leaned back against the cushions on the bench.
Eve 交叉腳踝，向後靠在長椅的墊子上。
The children sat on the floor with their arms crossed, waiting for story time.
孩子們雙臂交叉坐在地板上，等待著故事時間的到來。
- fold
specifically for arms; 'fold your arms' means the same as 'cross your arms'
- uncross
to return limbs to a non-crossed position
文法句型
cross + body part
用法筆記
Commonly used with reflexive body parts — you cross YOUR arms, not someone else's. The past participle 'crossed' is often used as an adjective: 'with crossed arms/legs.'
常見錯誤
4. to deliberately oppose someone or refuse to do what they want, making them annoy
作對；惹惱
故意違背對方意願
to deliberately oppose someone or refuse to do what they want, making them annoyed or angry.
Feng knew his father would be angry, but he was determined not to cross him.
Feng 知道父親會生氣，但他決心不順著父親的意思。
cross + someone (personal opposition)
The journalist crossed the government by publishing the secret report without permission.
那名記者未經許可便刊登了機密報告，直接和政府對著幹。
cross + institution/authority
Sari warned her little brother not to cross their mother when she was already tired.
Sari 警告弟弟不要在媽媽已經很累的時候還去惹她。
Benjamin had crossed his boss once too often and now faced the risk of losing his job.
Benjamin 已經太多次違背老闆的意思，如今面臨被開除的風險。
No one in the office dared to cross the manager after her angry speech that morning.
經理早上發了一頓脾氣之後，辦公室裡沒有人敢再違逆她。
文法句型
cross + someone
用法筆記
Subject is usually a person or group. The person 'crossed' is typically someone with authority or power who would react negatively to opposition.
常見錯誤
5. to make two living things from different breeds or types produce young together,
雜交
讓不同品種繁殖出新種
to make two living things from different breeds or types produce young together, so that a new mixed kind is created.
Farmers crossed the local wheat with a hardier variety from Canada to improve the crop.
農民將當地的小麥與一種來自加拿大的更耐寒品種雜交，以改善收成。
cross + A + with + B
The scientist crossed two types of roses to create a flower with a stronger scent.
科學家將兩種玫瑰雜交，培育出一種香氣更濃的花。
cross + types/species
Gardeners crossed this tomato plant with a wild species to make it resist disease better.
園藝師將這種番茄與野生品種雜交，使其更能抵抗病害。
Breeders crossed a male donkey with a female horse many years ago to produce a mule.
繁殖者多年前讓公驢與母馬交配，生出了騾子。
Tariro learned in biology class how to cross different types of fruit trees in the garden.
Tariro 在生物課上學到了如何在果園中讓不同種類的果樹進行雜交。
- hybridize
more technical and scientific; less common in everyday speech
- interbreed
used when animals naturally mix, not when humans deliberately cause it
文法句型
cross + noun + with + noun
用法筆記
Used almost exclusively in agriculture, horticulture, and animal breeding contexts. Often followed by 'with' to name the second parent type.
6. in games such as football and rugby, to send the ball sideways across the field
橫傳
將球橫向傳給隊友
in games such as football and rugby, to send the ball sideways across the field towards a teammate who is close to the goal.
Ignacio crossed the ball to his teammate, who scored the winning goal.
Ignacio 將球橫傳給隊友，後者踢進了致勝的一球。
cross + the ball + to + player
The midfielder crossed from the right wing into the penalty area near the goal.
中場球員從右翼將球橫傳到禁區內。
cross + from + location (intransitive)
Noor crossed the ball low and fast across the front of the goal mouth.
Noor 將球低平橫傳，迅速越過球門前方。
Heather watched the winger cross the ball to the striker in the final minute of the game.
Heather 看著邊鋒在比賽最後一刻將球橫傳給前鋒。
Chiara crossed the ball perfectly from the left side, and Benjamin headed it into the net.
Chiara 從左側完美地將球橫傳，Benjamin 頭球將球頂入網內。
- pass
general term for sending the ball to a teammate; a cross is a specific type of sideways pass
文法句型
cross + the ball
cross + from + location
cross + to + player
用法筆記
In British English, this sense is extremely common in football commentary. In American English, 'pass' or 'cross' is less sport-specific. The object is typically 'the ball' or a pronoun.
常見錯誤
7. to draw two parallel lines across the front of a cheque so that the money goes s
劃線
在支票上畫線指定存入帳戶
to draw two parallel lines across the front of a cheque so that the money goes straight into the payee's bank account rather than being handed out as cash over the counter.
Feng asked the teller if he should cross the cheque before mailing it.
Feng 問行員他在寄支票前是否應該先在支票上劃線。
The accountant crossed the cheques so nobody could cash them without a bank deposit.
會計師把支票都劃了線，這樣就沒人能在沒有銀行存款的情況下兌現。
passive: be crossed (cheque); purpose clause with so that
Noor received a crossed cheque from her insurance company and deposited it through her phone.
Noor 從保險公司收到一張劃線支票，然後用手機存入了銀行。
Benjamin's landlord required crossed cheques for proper record keeping.
Benjamin 的房東要求使用劃線支票以便保留付款記錄。
文法句型
cross + cheque
用法筆記
This sense is primarily British. In the US cheques are rarely used and the practice of crossing them is not common.
常見錯誤
8. to trace the Christian cross symbol with one's hand, moving from the forehead do
劃十字
基督徒用手在胸前畫十字的動作
to trace the Christian cross symbol with one's hand, moving from the forehead down to the chest and then from shoulder to shoulder, as a personal gesture of faith or prayer.
As the church bells rang, Heather crossed herself and walked through the door.
教堂的鐘聲響起時，Heather 在胸前劃了十字，然後走進門。
Tariro watched the old woman cross herself before she sat down in the wooden pew.
Tariro 看著那位老太太在木製長椅上坐下之前在胸前劃十字。
pattern: watch + someone + cross oneself (bare infinitive)
Ignacio crossed himself and whispered a quiet prayer as the procession passed by.
遊行隊伍經過時，Ignacio 在胸前劃十字並低聲祈禱。
Andrei's grandmother always crossed herself whenever she heard a siren outside the house.
Andrei 的祖母每次聽到屋外有警笛聲，都會在胸前劃十字。
文法句型
cross + oneself
用法筆記
This sense is always used reflexively — the subject and object are the same person. It describes a physical gesture, not a feeling or belief.
9. when two lines, roads, or similar long objects lie across one another, sharing a
相交
兩條線或道路在同一點相遇
when two lines, roads, or similar long objects lie across one another, sharing a single point where they meet.
The two main roads cross at the central square in the old town district.
兩條主要道路在舊城區的中央廣場相交。
intransitive: roads cross at [location]
Feng drew two straight lines that crossed at the centre of the blank page.
Feng 畫了兩條直線，在白紙的正中央相交。
The railway tracks cross the highway just outside the small village.
鐵軌在小村莊外不遠處與公路相交。
Sivan checked the map to see where the hiking trail crossed the stream.
Sivan 查看地圖，確認健行步道在哪裡與小溪相交。
文法句型
two things cross (intransitive)
something crosses something (transitive)
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 10 (PASS EACH OTHER): sense 9 describes a fixed geometric relationship — two lines or routes share a point. Sense 10 describes two moving objects passing each other from opposite directions.
10. when two people, vehicles, or other moving objects go past each other from oppos
交錯
兩人或兩車從相反方向經過彼此
when two people, vehicles, or other moving objects go past each other from opposite directions while travelling, so that each briefly sees or passes the other.
Heather and her neighbour crossed on the staircase without stopping to speak.
Heather 和鄰居在樓梯上交錯而過，沒有停下來交談。
intransitive: [person] and [person] cross on [surface]
The two delivery vans crossed on the narrow bridge, each slowing down to squeeze past.
兩輛快遞貨車在狹窄的橋上交錯而行，各自放慢速度才擠過去。
Chiara crossed paths with her old piano teacher at the supermarket checkout.
Chiara 在超市結帳處與她以前的鋼琴老師交錯而過。
The letters crossed in the post, so each friend thought the other had not replied.
兩封信在郵寄途中交錯了，所以兩位朋友都以為對方沒有回信。
文法句型
two people/things cross (intransitive)
cross paths (idiomatic)
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 9 (INTERSECT): sense 10 involves movement — things passing each other along their own paths. Sense 9 describes a fixed point where two stationary lines or routes meet.
11. to draw a single line or an X shape through written words, an entry, or a name t
劃掉
畫一條線穿過文字表示刪除
to draw a single line or an X shape through written words, an entry, or a name to show that it should be removed or is no longer correct.
Tariro crossed the wrong answer with a line and wrote the correct one beside it.
Tariro 用一條整齊的線劃掉錯誤的答案，然後在旁邊寫上正確的。
pattern: cross [noun] with [instrument]
Before signing, Sari crossed the old address and wrote her new one above it.
在簽表格之前，Sari 劃掉舊地址，並在上面寫了新地址。
The editor crossed several unnecessary paragraphs from the draft article.
編輯從草稿文章中劃掉了好幾個不必要的段落。
Eve crossed the misspelled name on the guest list and printed the correction above it.
Eve 劃掉賓客名單上拼錯的名字，然後在上面寫下正確的拼法。
- cross out
more common in everyday speech; the phrasal verb form
- strike through
more formal; often used in editing or legal contexts
- delete
broader; can be done with an eraser or keyboard rather than a pen line
文法句型
cross + [written text]
用法筆記
This sense differs from the phrasal verb 'cross out' in that 'cross' alone usually refers to a single line drawn through an item, while 'cross out' is the more common form in everyday speech.
常見錯誤
cross — 名詞
- crosssingular
- crossesplural
1. a symbol made by drawing one line across another, used to show a place on a map,
叉號；記號
用兩條線交叉畫出的符號
a symbol made by drawing one line across another, used to show a place on a map, mark a wrong answer, or indicate a choice on a form.
Put a cross next to the correct answer on your test paper.
在考卷的正確答案旁邊打個叉號。
The map has a red cross to show where the museum is located.
地圖上有一個紅色叉號標示博物館的位置。
used on a map to mark a location
Sari made a small cross beside each item on the shopping list.
Sari 在購物清單的每項物品旁邊打了個小叉號。
Feng drew a cross through the wrong answer and wrote the correct one.
Feng 在錯誤答案上畫了個叉號，然後寫上正確答案。
Eve put a cross in the box next to the candidate she wanted.
Eve 在她想支持的候選人旁邊的格子裡打了個叉號。
- tick
a check mark indicates correct, while a cross indicates wrong
常見錯誤
2. a wooden construction made of a tall vertical post with a horizontal bar fixed c
十字刑具
古代處決犯人的木製刑具
a wooden construction made of a tall vertical post with a horizontal bar fixed close to the upper end, used in the ancient world to execute people by attaching them to it.
In ancient Rome, prisoners were often nailed to a cross as a punishment.
在古羅馬，犯人常被釘在十字刑具上作為懲罰。
nailed to a cross — passive construction
The museum has a life-sized model of a Roman cross used for executions.
博物館有一座真人大小、用於處決的羅馬十字刑具模型。
Benjamin read about how the cross was used as a method of capital punishment.
Benjamin 閱讀了關於十字刑具如何被用來執行死刑的歷史。
Historians believe that thousands of slaves died on crosses in the Roman Empire.
歷史學家認為在羅馬帝國有數千名奴隸死於十字刑具上。
- crucifix
a cross with a figure of Christ on it; specifically Christian, not the bare execution device
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 3 (CHRISTIAN SYMBOL) — this sense refers only to the historical device used for execution, not to the religious symbol.
常見錯誤
3. the cross-shaped symbol that stands for the Christian religion and for the death
十字架
代表基督教信仰的十字標誌
the cross-shaped symbol that stands for the Christian religion and for the death of Jesus Christ.
Heather wore a small silver cross around her neck.
Heather 脖子上戴著一個銀色小十字架。
wore a [material] cross — jewellery context
The church tower is topped with a tall stone cross.
教堂塔樓頂端有一座高大的石頭十字架。
Many Christian families hang a cross on the wall of their living room.
許多基督教家庭在客廳牆上掛一個十字架。
Noor's grandmother gave her a golden cross when she was baptised.
Noor 受洗時，她的祖母送給她一個金色十字架。
The wooden cross stands at the front of the church above the altar.
木製十字架矗立在教堂前端、祭壇上方。
- crucifix
a cross that includes a representation of Jesus' body; more specific than a plain cross
用法筆記
The cross as a Christian symbol is often worn as jewellery or placed in churches and homes. Distinguish from sense 2 (EXECUTION DEVICE), which refers to the historical torture implement.
4. an award shaped like a cross, given to soldiers and other people for bravery or
十字勳章
十字形狀的英勇勳章
an award shaped like a cross, given to soldiers and other people for bravery or for serving their country.
The soldier received a cross for bravery during the war.
這位士兵因在戰爭中的英勇表現獲頒十字勳章。
received a cross for bravery — award context
Ignacio's grandfather kept his military cross in a wooden box.
Ignacio 的祖父把他的軍用十字勳章放在一個木盒裡。
The Queen presented a cross to each of the injured service members.
女王向每位受傷的軍人頒發十字勳章。
Andrei found an old cross among his uncle's medals from the 1940s.
Andrei 在叔叔的1940年代勳章中找到一枚舊十字勳章。
- medal
general term; a cross is one specific shape of medal
- decoration
formal term for an award or honour
5. something created by bringing together two distinct items, often plants or anima
混合體；雜交
兩種不同事物結合的產物
something created by bringing together two distinct items, often plants or animals bred with each other, or a product that blends separate styles or features.
This fruit is a cross between a plum and an apricot.
這種水果是李子和杏子的混合體。
a cross between X and Y — standard pattern for hybrids
The zoo has a cross between a lion and a tiger called a liger.
動物園裡有一頭獅子和老虎的混合體，稱為獅虎。
Chiara created a new flower that was a cross of two rose varieties.
Chiara 培育出一種由兩種玫瑰雜交而成的新花種。
The restaurant's menu is a cross between Italian and Japanese cooking styles.
這家餐廳的菜單是義大利和日本料理風格的混合體。
Their new car is a cross between a sports car and a family vehicle.
他們的新車是跑車和家庭用車的混合體。
- pure breed
an animal or plant of unmixed ancestry, opposite of a cross-breed
文法句型
a cross between X and Y
用法筆記
Commonly used in the pattern 'a cross between X and Y', where X and Y are two distinct things being combined.
常見錯誤
6. in football and similar sports, a ball played sideways across the field towards
橫傳球
足球中橫傳球場的傳球
in football and similar sports, a ball played sideways across the field towards the centre or the far side.
The player sent a perfect cross to his teammate in front of the goal.
球員將一記完美的橫傳球送到球門前的隊友腳下。
send a cross to — common verb pattern in football
Sivan kicked a high cross from the right wing into the penalty area.
Sivan 從右翼踢出一記高吊橫傳球進入禁區。
The goalkeeper caught the cross before any striker could reach it.
守門員在任一前鋒碰到球之前接住了橫傳球。
Benjamin's cross from the left side led directly to the winning goal.
Benjamin 從左側踢出的橫傳球直接造就了致勝進球。
The team practised sending crosses into the penalty area all afternoon.
球隊整個下午都在練習將橫傳球送入禁區。
7. a difficult situation, problem, or responsibility that someone has to deal with
負擔；苦難
必須長期承受的困難或痛苦
a difficult situation, problem, or responsibility that someone has to deal with over a long period, often used figuratively like a heavy weight
For Shanti, looking after her elderly mother had become a heavy cross to carry.
對 Shanti 來說，照顧年邁的母親已成為一個沉重的負擔。
collocation: cross to bear/carry
The team's poor results were a cross their manager Chiara had to bear alone.
球隊的糟糕成績是經理 Chiara 必須獨自承受的重擔。
Everyone has their own cross to bear, and Feng's was the fear of public speaking.
每個人都有自己的苦難要承擔，而 Feng 的苦難就是害怕公開演講。
Benjamin saw his hearing loss as a cross he learned to live with over time.
Benjamin 將自己的聽力損失視為一個苦難，但他學會了隨著時間與之共處。
Heather's difficult childhood became a cross that shaped her into a stronger person.
Heather 艱困的童年成為一個磨難，促使她變得更堅強。
- blessing
something that brings happiness or good fortune
文法句型
a cross to bear / carry
用法筆記
This sense is almost always used in the fixed expression 'a cross to bear' or 'carry one's cross.' The subject is typically a long-term personal difficulty, not a temporary problem.
常見錯誤
cross — 形容詞
- crosspositive
- crossercomparative
- crossestsuperlative
1. feeling slightly upset or angry, especially about something another person has d
不高興
因他人行為而略感惱怒的
feeling slightly upset or angry, especially about something another person has done
Feng was cross with his younger brother for borrowing his bicycle without asking.
Feng 因為弟弟沒問就借走他的腳踏車而生氣。
be cross with + person + for + reason
The teacher looked cross when no one in the class had finished the reading assignment.
全班沒有人完成閱讀作業時，老師的表情很不高興。
Heather gets cross whenever the morning train to the city arrives late.
每當早上的火車誤點時，Heather 就會不高興。
Ignacio sounded cross on the phone because the hotel had lost his booking.
Ignacio 在電話裡聽起來很生氣，因為旅館弄丟了他的訂房紀錄。
A cross letter arrived from the manager about the report that was overdue.
經理寄來一封措辭不悅的信，提到那份遲交的報告。
用法筆記
More common in British English than 'angry' for describing mild, everyday annoyance. Frequently used with the verbs 'get', 'be', 'sound', and 'look'.
常見錯誤
2. placed or moving in a direction that goes from one side to the other, usually at
橫向的
從一側延伸到另一側的
placed or moving in a direction that goes from one side to the other, usually at an angle or opposite direction to something else
A cross breeze came through the open windows and cooled the hot kitchen.
一陣橫向的風從敞開的窗戶吹進來，讓炎熱的廚房涼爽了許多。
cross breeze — wind moving across a space
The carpenter measured the cross beams before fixing them to the main frame.
木匠量好橫樑的尺寸，然後把它們固定到主結構上。
Noor took a cross street to avoid the traffic jam on the highway.
Noor 走橫向街道以避開高速公路上的交通堵塞。
The diagram shows a cross section of the human heart with labels.
這張圖展示了人類心臟的橫切面，並附有標籤。
Sivan sat in the cross breeze between the two open doors of the café.
Sivan 坐在咖啡館兩扇敞開的門之間的穿堂風裡。
- transverse
more technical; used in scientific or formal contexts
- crosswise
can be used as an adjective or adverb; means the same as 'cross' in this sense
- parallel
running in the same direction without meeting
- lengthwise
going along the longest side of something
用法筆記
Almost always used before a noun (attributive position). Common in compound-like phrases such as 'cross section', 'cross street', and 'cross breeze'.
常見錯誤
cross — 副詞
1. in a position or arrangement where one thing goes across another, so that the tw
交叉地
成交叉狀；橫向交叉
in a position or arrangement where one thing goes across another, so that the two pieces or lines intersect or form an X shape
Feng laid the wooden planks cross on top of the concrete floor.
Feng 把木板交叉鋪在水泥地板上。
verb + object + cross (position after object)
Tariro tied the ropes cross around the parcel to hold it shut.
Tariro 把繩子交叉繞在包裹上，把它牢牢綁住。
The old railway tracks ran cross through the middle of the village.
舊鐵軌交叉穿過村莊中央。
Shanti placed the knives cross on the tray so they would not move.
Shanti 把刀子交叉放在托盤上，以免它們滑動。
Noor held the two bamboo sticks cross while Benjamin tied them together.
Noor 拿著兩根竹棍交叉擺好，Benjamin 則把它們綁在一起。
- crosswise
more common in everyday speech; interchangeable in most contexts
- crisscross
suggests multiple intersecting lines, not just a single crossing
- diagonally
implies a slanted angle rather than a right-angle crossing
- parallel
lines or objects that run side by side without intersecting
用法筆記
The adverb 'cross' is less common in everyday conversation; the synonym 'crosswise' is more frequent in casual or spoken English. 'Cross' often appears in written instructions (e.g. for crafts, building) or as part of compound words with a hyphen ('cross-border', 'cross-cultural'). It is placed after the verb or after the object — never before a noun.
常見錯誤
cross — 介系詞
1. going from one side of a road, river, field, or other open space to the opposite
越過；橫跨
從空間一側到另一側
going from one side of a road, river, field, or other open space to the opposite side, often used in place of 'across' in everyday speech
Feng walked cross the field to reach the old wooden barn.
Feng 走過田野，到達那座舊木穀倉。
movement verb + cross + [open space]
Every morning, a ferry takes passengers cross the river to the other side.
每天早上，渡輪載乘客橫越河流到對岸。
Shanti threw a rope cross the gap so the climbers could pull themselves up.
Shanti 把繩子丟過裂縫，讓攀岩者可以把自己拉上去。
A wooden bridge was built cross the ravine last summer.
去年夏天，有人在峽谷上建了一座木橋。
The children ran cross the playground the moment the bell rang.
鈴聲一響，孩子們就跑過操場。
- across
Standard equivalent; 'across' is preferred in formal contexts and in American English
文法句型
cross + [noun phrase denoting a space, area, or gap]
用法筆記
More common in informal British English than in American English, where 'across' is the standard preposition. This form is typically used with movement verbs (walk, run, throw, go) before nouns that refer to open spaces, waterways, or gaps.