cross-section
/ˈkrɒs sekʃn/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈkrɔːs sekʃn/ (ame, ipa)
cross-section — 名詞
1. the inside of something — its layers, chambers, or hidden parts — revealed when
剖面；截面
切開物體後所見的內部結構視圖
the inside of something — its layers, chambers, or hidden parts — revealed when it is cut through from top to bottom, often shown in a detailed drawing or diagram
Aarav studied the cross-section of the old oak trunk and counted thirty-seven rings.
Aarav 仔細觀察老橡樹樹幹的剖面，數出了三十七圈年輪。
cross-section of + object for examining layers inside
Beatriz sketched a cross-section of the old theatre, showing how the balcony hung above the main stalls.
Beatriz 畫了舊劇院的剖面圖，展示了陽台懸掛在主層座位區上方的方式。
Fatima's textbook had a cross-section of a tooth with the enamel, dentine, and pulp each coloured a different shade.
Fatima 的課本上有一張牙齒的剖面圖，琺瑯質、象牙質和牙髓分別以不同顏色標示。
Mateo brushed dirt from a cross-section of the riverbank, revealing a stripe of ash pressed between two bands of clay.
Mateo 刷去河岸剖面上的泥土，露出一條夾在兩層黏土之間的灰燼層。
The museum model was a cross-section of an old sailing ship, cut right down the middle.
博物館的模型是一艘古老帆船的剖面，從正中間切開。
文法句型
cross-section of + noun phrase
用法筆記
Common in science, engineering, and technical drawing. The hyphenated spelling cross-section is standard in British English; American English often writes cross section as two words.
2. a small selection of people or items that includes every different kind found in
典型樣本
能代表整體多元特徵的小群體
a small selection of people or items that includes every different kind found in the much larger group they come from
The team interviewed a cross-section of families — pensioners, single mothers, and new arrivals — from every ward in Osaka.
團隊訪問了來自大阪每個行政區的各類家庭——包括退休長者、單親媽媽和新移民。
cross-section of + group noun for a representative mix
Dario invited a cross-section of students to join the panel, not just the top scorers.
Dario 邀請了不同類型的學生加入小組，而不只是成績最好的幾位。
A broad cross-section of the town turned up to protest the planned motorway extension.
鎮上各階層的居民都出來抗議計劃中的高速公路擴建。
Wren's radio show features a cross-section of musicians, from jazz pianists to folk singers.
Wren 的廣播節目邀請了各種風格的音樂人，從爵士鋼琴家到民謠歌手都有。
Lara recorded the food bills of a cross-section of twelve homes, from a pensioner's bedsit to a crowded family flat.
Lara 記錄了十二個家庭的食品開支，從退休者的套房到擁擠的家庭公寓，涵蓋了不同類型。
文法句型
cross-section of + noun phrase
用法筆記
Object is typically a large, diverse group — society, the population, a community. Rarely used for very small or uniform groups.
常見錯誤
3. the flat face that appears when you cut straight across something at a right ang
橫切面
與主軸垂直切開後產生的平面
the flat face that appears when you cut straight across something at a right angle to its length, or the act of cutting this way — used in geometry and engineering to describe the shape of the cut surface
The engineer cut a cross-section through the steel pipe to measure the thickness of the wall.
工程師在鋼管上切出一個橫切面，以測量管壁的厚度。
cut a cross-section through + object
In geometry, Aoi drew a cross-section of a cone to show how an ellipse is formed.
幾何課上，Aoi 畫了圓錐的橫切面來說明橢圓是如何形成的。
The carpenter sawed the oak beam in cross-section and held up the pale, ringed face for Keiko to inspect.
木匠將橡木樑橫切鋸開，舉起蒼白帶有年輪的切面給 Keiko 檢查。
Eitan measured the cross-section of the copper rod before calculating its electrical resistance.
Eitan 測量了銅棒的橫切面，然後計算其電阻值。
Hana unrolled the blueprint and tapped the cross-section of the support beam, cut at ninety degrees to the railway line.
Hana 展開藍圖，指著支撐樑的橫切面，該切面與鐵路線呈九十度角。
- transverse section
technical synonym used mainly in anatomy and engineering
- crosscut
emphasises the cutting action; common in woodworking
- longitudinal section
a cut made parallel to the main axis rather than perpendicular
文法句型
cross-section of + noun phrase
in cross-section
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1 (INSIDE VIEW): this sense is about the cut itself or the flat face it produces, not the view of internal structure. Common in geometry and engineering.