darwinism
darwinism — 名詞
1. A set of ideas linked to Charles Darwin that explains how living things change o
達爾文學說
以自然選擇解釋生物演變的理論
A set of ideas linked to Charles Darwin that explains how living things change over generations, as helpful traits become more common and new kinds of organisms can appear.
In biology class, Darwinism explains why island birds with useful beaks have more young.
生物課上，達爾文學說解釋了為什麼喙較合用的島上鳥類能繁衍更多後代。
Darwinism as a scientific explanation
The museum guide used Darwinism to explain how dark moths survived near smoky factories.
博物館導覽員用達爾文學說說明，深色飛蛾如何在工廠煙霧瀰漫的地方存活下來。
explain + how-clause
Darwinism explains why Salma's garden now has more bees visiting flowers with easy-to-reach nectar.
Darwinism 解釋了為什麼 Salma 的花園現在有更多蜜蜂造訪容易取得花蜜的花朵。
natural selection favors traits that help organisms survive
A wall chart showed how Darwinism explains island birds with longer beaks finding more food.
一張圖表說明，達爾文學說如何解釋島上長喙鳥類更容易找到食物。
natural selection favors traits that help organisms survive
- Darwinism and evolution
- the theory of Darwinism
- Darwinism in biology
- evolutionary theory
A broad label for explanations of how species change; it need not refer specifically to Darwin's account.
- natural selection
The process in which traits that aid survival or reproduction become more common; it is central to Darwinism, not a full synonym.
用法筆記
In biology, this label is often used for Darwin's account of evolution by natural selection; later work has added detail to it.
2. A social or economic view that treats competition as a test of worth and opposes
放任競爭
主張勝者成功、敗者不應獲援助
A social or economic view that treats competition as a test of worth and opposes helping people or businesses that lose out.
The debate turned to Darwinism when speakers said failed firms should receive no public help.
辯論中有人主張失敗的公司不該得到政府援助，話題因此轉向放任競爭的觀念。
political use: competition among businesses
Critics called the mayor's plan Darwinism because it left poor families without support.
批評者稱市長的計畫是放任競爭，因為它讓貧困家庭得不到支援。
Darwinism shaped Arjun's speech: he argued that shops losing sales should get no public aid.
放任競爭的觀念影響了 Arjun 的演講：他主張，銷售下滑的商店不該獲得公共援助。
policy argument against public support
In the article, Darwinism meant letting struggling towns fail instead of sharing public funds.
文章中的放任競爭，是指任由陷入困境的城鎮衰敗，而不分配公共經費。
context identifies a social policy sense
- social Darwinism
- economic Darwinism
- a Darwinism of the marketplace
- social Darwinism
The more specific term for applying evolutionary competition to society; often used critically.
- laissez-faire
An economic approach favoring little government control, which does not necessarily claim that winners deserve success.
- survival of the fittest
A phrase often used for this belief, though it can also describe biological selection more generally.
- social welfare
Public support intended to protect people from hardship, rather than leaving outcomes to competition.
用法筆記
This political use applies competition between species to people or institutions and is often critical; it is distinct from the biological sense in 1.
同根字
- Darwin專有名詞B2
- Darwinian形容詞C1
- Darwinist名詞C2
常見搭配
名詞搭配
- the theory of Darwinism
- Darwinism and evolution
副詞搭配
- classical Darwinism
- modern Darwinism
常用片語
- a form of Darwinism
- criticism of Darwinism
介系詞搭配
- Darwinism in biology
- Darwinism about society