deontic
deontic — 形容詞
- deonticpositive
- more deonticcomparative
- most deonticsuperlative
1. concerning duty, obligation, or permission — used mainly of language and formal
義務的
涉及義務與許可的語言概念
concerning duty, obligation, or permission — used mainly of language and formal logic that expresses what people ought or are allowed to do
Arjun explained how deontic verbs like 'must' express obligation in his syntax class.
Arjun 在語法課上解釋了像 'must' 這樣的義務動詞如何表達責任。
deontic + noun: deontic verbs
Zuri's dissertation examined deontic modality in three West African languages.
Zuri 的論文探討了三種西非語言中的義務情態。
collocation: deontic modality
Ezra's teacher wrote the deontic 'may' on the board beside the word 'allowed.'
Ezra 的老師在黑板上寫下義務性的 'may'，旁邊寫著 'allowed'（允許）。
Professor Sofia chalked the deontic □ on the board and told the seminar it signalled obligation.
Sofia 教授在黑板上寫下義務邏輯的 □ 符號，告訴研討會的學生它表示義務。
Pim noted that legal texts rely heavily on deontic language to set out duties.
Pim 指出法律文本大量依賴義務語言來規定責任。
- deontological
more common in moral philosophy; often interchangeable but belongs primarily to ethics rather than linguistics
- prescriptive
broader and less technical; describes anything that tells people what to do
- normative
wider still; refers to anything that sets a standard, common in social sciences
- epistemic
in linguistics, the contrasting category of modality that concerns knowledge and belief rather than obligation
文法句型
deontic + noun (modality, logic, verb, operator)
用法筆記
Almost always used before a noun, most commonly in the phrases 'deontic modality' (linguistics) and 'deontic logic' (philosophy).