dynamics
/dī-ˈna-miks/ (ame, mw)
dynamics — 名詞
1. The forces that act on an object or a system and cause movement or changes in sp
動力
產生運動的力量
The forces that act on an object or a system and cause movement or changes in speed and direction — for example, the air pressure that pushes a plane upward, or the thrust that lifts a rocket off the ground.
The engineers studied the dynamics of air flow inside the tunnel to reduce noise.
工程師研究了隧道內氣流動力，以減少噪音。
the dynamics of [noun phrase] — describing physical forces
Professor Okonkwo explained how the dynamics of ocean currents affect rainfall patterns in West Africa.
Okonkwo 教授解釋了洋流動力如何影響西非的降雨模式。
A car's suspension system must handle the complex dynamics of rough mountain roads.
汽車的懸吊系統必須應付崎嶇山路帶來的複雜動力變化。
The dynamics of a rocket launch involve thrust from the engines and the pull of gravity.
火箭發射的動力包括引擎的推力和地心引力。
Understanding the dynamics of a swing helps children learn how to pump their legs at the right moment.
了解鞦韆的動力原理，有助於孩子學會在正確時機用力擺盪。
文法句型
the dynamics of [something]
fluid dynamics / gas dynamics
用法筆記
Often appears in compound noun phrases such as 'fluid dynamics' and 'gas dynamics', where the first word names the type of substance or system being studied.
常見錯誤
2. The patterns of interaction, growth, and change that happen between people or wi
動態
群體或系統中的互動變化
The patterns of interaction, growth, and change that happen between people or within a group, organization, or system — for example, how family members influence one another, or how competition between companies shapes a market.
The dynamics between the sales and design teams changed after the new project manager arrived.
新任專案經理到職後，業務團隊和設計團隊之間的動態關係改變了。
dynamics between [groups] — describing interpersonal interaction
Family therapy helped the Watanabe family understand the difficult dynamics at home.
家族治療幫助 Watanabe 一家人了解家中棘手的互動動態。
Market dynamics shifted when the new technology made older products less attractive to buyers.
新技術讓舊產品對買家失去吸引力後，市場動態出現了轉變。
Dr. Amara studies the social dynamics of online communities and how arguments spread.
Amara 博士研究線上社群的社會動態，以及爭論如何在其中擴散。
The team's dynamics improved after everyone started sharing ideas openly during meetings.
團隊每個人都開始在會議上公開分享想法之後，團隊的互動動態改善了。
- interactions
More general; 'dynamics' emphasizes how these interactions produce change over time
- relationships
Focuses on connections between people; 'dynamics' includes the forces that make those relationships change
- patterns
Describes recurring behavior; 'dynamics' adds the idea of active forces driving the patterns
文法句型
[group] dynamics
the dynamics of [group/system]
用法筆記
When talking about a specific type of group, put the group name before 'dynamics' without 'of' (e.g. 'family dynamics', 'group dynamics', 'team dynamics'). With 'the', use 'the dynamics of [group]' (e.g. 'the dynamics of the workplace').
常見錯誤
3. The changes in how loudly or softly a piece of music is played, including sudden
力度變化
音樂中音量的強弱變化
The changes in how loudly or softly a piece of music is played, including sudden shifts or gradual increases and decreases in volume — for example, moving from a quiet passage to a powerful, loud section.
The conductor asked the orchestra to pay more attention to the dynamics in the slow movement.
指揮要求管弦樂團更加注意慢板樂章中的力度變化。
dynamics in [piece/movement] — musical context
Luisa practiced the sonata until the dynamics — from soft to loud — sounded perfectly natural.
Luisa 反覆練習奏鳴曲，直到從弱到強的力度變化聽起來完全自然為止。
In jazz, sudden changes in dynamics can make a performance feel exciting and alive.
在爵士樂中，突然的力度變化能讓演出聽起來既刺激又有生命力。
The composer wrote detailed markings for dynamics above every line of the score.
作曲家在樂譜的每一行上方都標記了詳細的力度指示。
Without good control of dynamics, a piano piece can sound flat and emotionless.
如果對力度控制不佳，鋼琴曲聽起來會平淡而缺乏情感。
- volume changes
Everyday term; 'dynamics' is the formal musical term for the same concept
- loudness variation
Descriptive phrase; 'dynamics' is the standard single-word musical term
文法句型
[play/perform] with dynamics
the dynamics of [piece/music]
用法筆記
Musical dynamics are notated with Italian terms and abbreviations: 'p' (piano = soft), 'f' (forte = loud), 'cresc.' (crescendo = gradually louder), 'dim.' (diminuendo = gradually softer). This sense is part of the specialised vocabulary of music theory and performance.
常見錯誤
4. The branch of physics and mechanics that deals with how forces affect the moveme
動力學
研究物體運動的物理分支
The branch of physics and mechanics that deals with how forces affect the movement of objects — covering topics such as acceleration, momentum, and the way planets orbit the Sun because of gravity.
Lin studied fluid dynamics at university and now works for an aerospace company in Taiwan.
Lin 在大學主修流體動力學，現在於台灣一家航太公司工作。
fluid dynamics — common compound noun for a subfield
A course called 'Engineering Dynamics' is required for all mechanical engineering students.
所有機械工程系的學生都必須修一門名為「工程動力學」的課程。
The textbook covers the basic principles of classical dynamics used in physics classes.
這本教科書涵蓋了物理課程中使用的古典動力學基本原則。
Computational dynamics helps engineers predict how buildings will move during an earthquake.
計算動力學幫助工程師預測建築物在地震中會如何晃動。
Professor Chen's research in dynamics focuses on how satellites stay in orbit around the Earth.
Chen 教授在動力學方面的研究，主要探討衛星如何維持在地球周圍的軌道上。
- kinetics
A more specific branch of dynamics that focuses on forces causing motion; less common in general use
- statics
The branch of mechanics that studies objects at rest or in a state of equilibrium
文法句型
[field] dynamics
the study of dynamics
用法筆記
This sense is always uncountable and takes a singular verb (e.g. 'Dynamics is a core subject in the physics department'). It contrasts with 'statics', which studies objects at rest. 'Dynamics' as a field is often preceded by a modifier like 'fluid', 'classical', or 'computational'.