expectoration
expectoration — 名詞
1. the medical act of forcing thick fluid up from the chest by coughing, and then s
咳痰；咳出物
從肺部咳出並吐出痰液的動作或痰液本身
the medical act of forcing thick fluid up from the chest by coughing, and then spitting it from the mouth.
The chest doctor asked Kemi about the colour and amount of her morning expectoration.
胸腔科醫師詢問 Kemi 早晨咳痰的顏色和分量。
medical context: clinician asking patient about expectoration
Heavy expectoration during the night kept Allison awake and worried her parents.
夜裡大量咳痰讓 Allison 無法入睡，也讓她的父母很擔心。
subject of clause; refers to repeated coughing-up over a period
After two weeks of treatment, Joon's expectoration became clear instead of green.
經過兩週的治療，Joon 的咳出物從綠色變成透明。
Nurses on the ward record each patient's expectoration in a chart every shift.
病房護理師每個班別都會在表格上記錄每位病人的咳痰情況。
Smoking for thirty years had left Ada with daily expectoration she could not stop.
抽了三十年的菸，讓 Ada 每天都會咳痰，停不下來。
- sputum
names the substance brought up; expectoration names the act of bringing it up
- coughing up
everyday phrase covering the same action, no medical register
用法筆記
Almost only found in medical or clinical writing; everyday speakers say 'coughing up phlegm'. Uncountable — no plural 'expectorations' in standard medical usage.
常見錯誤
expectoration — 動詞
1. to bring fluid such as mucus or blood up from your chest by coughing, and to spi
咳出；咳痰
把肺部或喉嚨的痰、血等咳上來再吐出口
to bring fluid such as mucus or blood up from your chest by coughing, and to spit it out of your mouth.
The nurse asked Alessia to expectorate into a small plastic cup for the lab test.
護理師請 Alessia 把痰咳出到一個小塑膠杯裡，做化驗用。
expectorate into + container; clinical sample-collection pattern
Shanti found it painful to expectorate after her chest surgery and needed help.
胸部手術後 Shanti 咳痰時很痛，需要旁人幫忙。
intransitive use; medical recovery context
Walid expectorated thick yellow mucus every morning for a week before seeing a doctor.
Walid 連續一週每天早上都咳出濃稠的黃色黏液，才去看醫生。
Patients are asked not to expectorate on the hospital floor at any time.
醫院規定病人任何時候都不可以在地板上把痰吐出來。
Sivan was relieved when her father could finally expectorate without sharp chest pain.
當 Sivan 的父親終於可以咳痰而不感到胸口刺痛時，她鬆了一口氣。
- swallow
opposite direction — taking matter down rather than bringing it up and out
文法句型
expectorate + noun (mucus, blood)
expectorate into + container
用法筆記
Used almost only by doctors, nurses, and in medical writing; in normal conversation people say 'cough up' or 'spit out'. Distinguish from the bare verb 'spit' — 'expectorate' specifically implies that the matter has been brought up from the lungs or throat first.