habituation
/həˌbɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/ (bre, ipa) · /həˌbɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/ (ame, ipa) · /hə-ˌbi-chə-ˈwā-shən ha-, -chü-ˈā-/ (ame, mw)
habituation — 名詞
1. the gradual process by which a person or animal stops reacting strongly to somet
習慣化；適應
對重複刺激逐漸不再有反應的過程
the gradual process by which a person or animal stops reacting strongly to something, because they have met it again and again until it feels normal — for example, no longer flinching at loud traffic after moving into a city apartment.
Baraka noticed that habituation to the cold morning swims took about three weeks.
Baraka 發現對清晨冷水游泳的習慣化大約花了三週。
habituation to [noun] — pattern for naming what one gets used to
After six months on the dairy farm, Owen reached full habituation to the early start.
在酪農場工作六個月後，Owen 已經完全適應了清早起床。
habituation to [activity] — common workplace context
Through gentle habituation, the rescue dog learned to ignore the sound of the doorbell.
透過溫和的習慣化訓練，那隻救援犬學會了對門鈴聲不再反應。
Habituation to the smell of paint took the new gallery staff only a few days.
新進的畫廊員工對油漆味的習慣化只花了幾天。
The study measured habituation in young rats placed near a softly buzzing speaker.
這項研究觀察了年幼老鼠在輕聲嗡嗡作響的喇叭旁產生習慣化的情形。
- acclimatisation
more common in everyday English; often used for climate or environment
- adaptation
broader; covers any kind of adjustment, not only sensory or behavioural
- desensitisation
narrower; often medical or therapeutic, used for reducing strong reactions
- sensitisation
the opposite process — reacting more strongly with repeated exposure
文法句型
habituation to [noun]
用法筆記
Uncountable; takes singular agreement. Frequently followed by 'to' plus a noun naming the stimulus. Distinguish from sense 2 by the absence of any drug or substance — sense 1 is about everyday adjustment.
常見錯誤
2. a state in which the body or mind has come to need a drug or other habit-forming
藥物依賴
長期使用後對某種藥物的依賴狀態
a state in which the body or mind has come to need a drug or other habit-forming substance after long use, so that the user feels reliant on it but is not necessarily physically addicted in the medical sense.
The clinic warned Talia that habituation to sleeping pills can develop within a few weeks.
診所提醒 Talia，對安眠藥的依賴在幾週內就可能形成。
habituation to [drug] — common medical pattern
Doctors now describe coffee dependence as a mild habituation rather than a true addiction.
醫師現在把對咖啡的依靠形容為輕微的習慣性使用，而不是真正的成癮。
habituation contrasted with addiction
Long-term nasal-spray use led to habituation, leaving Vikram unable to breathe without one.
長期使用鼻噴劑往往會造成依賴，使 Vikram 沒了它就無法順暢呼吸。
Élise's habituation to her anxiety medication made stopping it suddenly very difficult.
Élise 對抗焦慮藥物的依賴，讓她很難一下子停藥。
- dependence
more common; covers both physical and psychological reliance
- tolerance
specifically the reduced effect of a drug after repeated use
文法句型
habituation to [drug/substance]
用法筆記
Uncountable; chiefly clinical or pharmacological writing. Distinguish from sense 1 by the focus on drugs or habit-forming substances rather than ordinary stimuli. In modern medical usage often replaced by 'tolerance' or 'dependence'.