id
id — 動詞
- idpresent simple I / you / we / they
- ids3rd person singular
- idding-ing form
- iddedpast simple
1. to tell an official, such as a police officer, who a specific person or a dead b
指認
向警方等指認身分
to tell an official, such as a police officer, who a specific person or a dead body is — by looking at them and stating their name for the record
The police asked Minho to id the man he saw running from the store.
警方請 Minho 指認他看見從商店跑出來的那名男子。
id + [witnessed person] for authority
Élise was the only family member who could id the victim at the hospital.
Élise 是唯一能在醫院認出罹難者身分的家屬。
id + [victim/body] at a location
The witness id'd the suspect from a line-up at the police station.
目擊者在警局從一排人當中指認了嫌疑人。
simple past: id'd [person] from [evidence]
Tunde could not id the thief because the streetlight was broken.
Tunde 因為路燈壞了而無法指認那名小偷。
negative: could not id [person]
A neighbour was brought to the station to id the man caught on camera.
一名鄰居被帶到警局，指認被監視器拍到的那名男子。
passive: be brought to id [person]
- id a suspect
- id a victim
- id a body
- id a witness
- id from a photograph
- id from a line-up
- id from a description
文法句型
id + [person/body]
id + [person/body] + from + [evidence]
be id'd + by + [authority figure]
用法筆記
Almost always appears in law enforcement or legal contexts. The past tense is often written as 'id'd' or 'ID'd' in informal writing. The person being identified is typically a suspect, a witness, or a deceased person.
常見錯誤
2. to ask someone to show an official document, like a driver's license or a passpo
查證件
要求出示身分證明
to ask someone to show an official document, like a driver's license or a passport, that confirms their identity or age
The security guard asked Quinn to id herself before entering the building.
警衛要求 Quinn 出示證件才能進入大樓。
id + [oneself/reflexive] at entrance
The bartender always ids customers who look like they are under thirty.
酒保總是會要求看起來不到三十歲的顧客出示證件。
id + [customer] for age verification
You have to id yourself at the front desk before they give you a visitor pass.
你必須在前台出示證件，他們才會給你訪客證。
modal: have to id + [oneself] for access
Ari tried to buy a lottery ticket, but the cashier id'd him first.
Ari 想買樂透彩券，但店員先要求他出示身分證明。
simple past: id'd [person] before transaction
Lakan was id'd at the airport checkpoint before boarding the flight.
Lakan 在登機前的機場安檢站被要求出示證件。
passive: be id'd at [location]
- id a customer
- id a visitor
- id a passenger
- id a patron
- id at the door
- id at the counter
- id at the checkpoint
文法句型
id + [person]
id + [oneself]
be id'd + by + [authority figure]
用法筆記
Common in situations where age or identity must be verified before a service is provided, such as buying alcohol, entering a secure building, or boarding a flight. The subject is typically a person in authority such as a security guard, bartender, cashier, or police officer.
常見錯誤
id — 名詞
- idsingular
- idsplural
1. in psychoanalytic theory, the most primitive area of the mind, active from birth
本我
佛洛伊德理論中，潛意識最原始的部分
in psychoanalytic theory, the most primitive area of the mind, active from birth, that drives basic needs and impulses like wanting food, expressing rage, and seeking pleasure, without concern for morality
A hungry baby who cries immediately is showing the id at work.
肚子餓的嬰兒立刻哭鬧，正展現出本我的運作。
uncountable: always 'the id'
Rafael's therapist helped him see how his id drove many of his impulsive choices.
Rafael 的治療師幫助他了解本我如何驅動他的許多衝動決定。
subject: the id drives actions/choices
According to Freud, the id operates on the pleasure principle and wants instant satisfaction.
根據佛洛伊德的理論，本我遵循享樂原則，追求立即的滿足。
The conflict between the id and the superego shapes much of a person's character.
本我與超我之間的衝突，塑造了個人性格的許多面向。
collocation: id vs superego / id vs ego
In her psychology textbook, Layla read that the id is completely unconscious.
Layla 在心理學教科書上讀到，本我完全屬於潛意識的範疇。
- the id
- id drives
- id impulses
- id and superego
- id and ego
- superego
the part of the mind that represents moral standards and self-criticism, opposed to the id's raw impulses
文法句型
the + id
用法筆記
Almost always used with the definite article 'the'. This is a specialized term from psychoanalysis and is rarely used in everyday conversation outside of psychology or academic contexts.
常見錯誤
2. a card, official paper, or number that serves as proof of a person's identity, t
證件
附有姓名及照片的身分證明文件
a card, official paper, or number that serves as proof of a person's identity, typically bearing their photo and full name
Ayesha showed her student ID at the library counter to borrow books.
Ayesha 在圖書館櫃檯出示學生證來借書。
countable noun: student ID
The security guard asked Joshua for ID before letting him into the building.
警衛請 Joshua 出示證件後才讓他進入大樓。
uncountable use: 'for ID' / 'ask for ID'
You need a valid photo ID to open a bank account in most countries.
在多數國家，開設銀行帳戶需要有效的附照片證件。
common collocation: photo ID
Pim forgot his ID card at home and could not pick up the package.
Pim 把身分證忘在家裡，所以無法領取包裹。
collocation: ID card
The club requires everyone over eighteen to carry a government-issued ID.
這家夜店要求所有年滿十八歲的人攜帶政府核發的證件。
- show your ID
- present ID
- check ID
- photo ID
- student ID
- valid ID
- government-issued ID
- ID card
- ID number
- identification
the full form of 'ID'; more formal but means the same thing
- ID card
slightly more specific — refers only to a physical card, not a document or number
- credentials
more formal and broader, can include qualifications and letters of introduction
文法句型
possessive + ID
ID + noun (card, number, photo)
an + ID
用法筆記
Can be countable ('an ID', 'two IDs') referring to the physical card, or uncountable ('Do you have ID?') referring to proof of identity in general. Common in compound nouns: 'ID card', 'ID number', 'photo ID'.
常見錯誤
3. the USPS two-letter code that replaces 'Idaho' in mailing addresses, placed afte
愛達荷郵碼
郵寄地址中的愛達荷州代碼
the USPS two-letter code that replaces 'Idaho' in mailing addresses, placed after a city name
Please mail the documents to 210 Pine Street, Boise, ID 83702.
請將文件寄到 210 Pine Street，Boise，ID 83702。
address format: city + ID + ZIP code
The farm supply store is located at 458 Valley Road, Twin Falls, ID 83301.
這家農具店位於 458 Valley Road，Twin Falls，ID 83301。
Yuki moved from Seattle to a small town in ID to work on a farm.
Yuki 從西雅圖搬到愛達荷州的一個小鎮，在農場工作。
The music festival takes place every August in Coeur d'Alene, ID.
這個音樂節每年八月在愛達荷州的 Coeur d'Alene 舉行。
used after city name in sentences
- Idaho
the full name of the state; used in speech and formal writing
文法句型
city + ID + ZIP code
用法筆記
This is a standard USPS two-letter postal abbreviation. It should appear after the city name, separated by a comma, and before the ZIP code (no comma between ID and ZIP code). Typically only used in written addresses, not spoken language.
常見錯誤
id — 縮寫
1. A Latin abbreviation used in footnotes, endnotes, and bibliographies to refer to
同前；同上
註腳中表示引用同一來源
A Latin abbreviation used in footnotes, endnotes, and bibliographies to refer to the same author, work, or source that was just cited in the previous reference.
Élise checked the footnote which read 'Id., p. 45,' confirming the same source.
Élise 查看註腳中標示「Id.」及頁碼，確認引用來源相同。
Id. used in footnotes to refer to the same source
The professor told the class to write 'Id.' when repeating the same citation.
教授告訴全班，重複引用同一來源時應寫「Id.」。
In legal documents, 'Id.' saves space by pointing back to the previous reference.
在法律文件中，「Id.」可用來指回前一個引用，節省篇幅。
Id. saves space in legal or academic writing
The judge's opinion cited Id. three times to support the same legal argument.
法官的判決書中三次引用 Id. 來支持相同的法律論點。
2. The written postal abbreviation for the US state of Idaho, used in addresses on
愛達荷州
美國愛達荷州郵政代碼
The written postal abbreviation for the US state of Idaho, used in addresses on envelopes, forms, and shipping labels.
Please mail the documents to Boise, ID 83702 before the Friday deadline.
請在星期五截止前將文件寄到 Boise ID 83702。
ID after city name in US mailing addresses
Christopher updated his address to 'Twin Falls, ID' after moving to the new house.
Christopher 搬家後將地址改為「Twin Falls ID」。
The package was sent to Moscow, ID, but arrived at the wrong post office.
包裹寄到 Moscow ID，卻送錯了郵局。
My cousin lives in Coeur d'Alene, ID, and drives two hours to work each day.
我表妹住在 Coeur d'Alene ID，每天開兩小時車去上班。
3. A document, card, or piece of information that proves who a person is, such as a
身分證明
證明身分的證件或卡片
A document, card, or piece of information that proves who a person is, such as a driver's license, passport, or student card. Often written simply as ID.
The security guard asked Hyun for his ID before letting him into the office.
警衛在讓 Hyun 進入辦公室前要求查看他的 ID。
ask for ID to verify someone's identity
Ava forgot her ID at home and could not collect her package from the counter.
Ava 把 ID 忘在家裡，無法到櫃檯領取包裹。
You must show a valid photo ID when you check in at the airport counter.
在機場櫃檯辦理報到時，你必須出示有效的附照片 ID。
valid photo ID required for travel or entry
Mira handed her ID to the librarian to check out three books for the weekend.
Mira 把她的 ID 交給圖書館員，以便借三本書度過週末。
用法筆記
Often used without a period ('ID') in everyday contexts such as ID card, photo ID, or student ID. The abbreviation is treated as a countable noun — you can say 'an ID' or 'two IDs.'
4. A person or business that sells a company's products to customers without being
獨立經銷商
非受僱於製造商的銷售者
A person or business that sells a company's products to customers without being a direct employee of that company, often earning commission on sales.
Élise works as an ID for a company that sells organic skincare products.
Élise 在一家銷售有機護膚產品的公司擔任 ID（獨立經銷商）。
works as an ID — independent distributor role
The brand's ID network has grown to over two hundred sellers in five cities.
該品牌的 ID 網絡已擴展到五個城市、超過兩百名銷售人員。
Yasmin became an ID for a vitamin company and sells to her neighbors and friends.
Yasmin 成為一家維他命公司的 ID（獨立經銷商），向鄰居和朋友銷售產品。
The company trained fifty new IDs last month to expand its sales in rural areas.
該公司上個月培訓了五十名新的 ID，以擴展鄉村地區的銷售。
用法筆記
Primarily used in the context of multi-level marketing or direct sales. The full phrase 'independent distributor' is more common in formal contracts and documentation.
5. The professional practice of designing the shape, appearance, and usability of m
工業設計
產品外觀與功能設計領域
The professional practice of designing the shape, appearance, and usability of manufactured products, from furniture and electronics to vehicles and packaging.
The new chair won an award for its innovative ID and comfortable shape.
這張新椅子因其創新的 ID（工業設計）與舒適造型而獲獎。
ID award for excellence in industrial design
Ziad studied ID at university and now designs kitchen appliances for a firm.
Ziad 在大學主修 ID，現在為一家公司設計廚房家電。
Mayumi chose to study ID because she wanted to make everyday objects better.
Mayumi 選擇攻讀 ID（工業設計），因為她想讓日常用品變得更好用。
The smartphone's ID team worked closely with engineers to fit all the parts inside.
這款智慧型手機的 ID 團隊與工程師密切合作，將所有零件裝入機身。
用法筆記
Often appears as a field of study ('a degree in ID') or a corporate department ('the ID team'). Distinguished from graphic design by its focus on three-dimensional physical products.
6. The measurement of the distance across the hollow interior of a tube, pipe, cyli
內徑
管狀物內部直徑的測量值
The measurement of the distance across the hollow interior of a tube, pipe, cylinder, or ring, taken from one inner edge to the opposite inner edge.
The plumber measured the pipe's ID at exactly four centimeters across its opening.
水電工測量管子的 ID，開口處正好四公分。
pipe ID measured in engineering or plumbing contexts
You need to check the inner diameter of the tube before buying the fitting.
購買接頭前，你需要確認管子的內徑尺寸。
The engineer recorded an ID of six millimeters for the small brass cylinder.
工程師記錄了這支小型黃銅圓柱的 ID 為六毫米。
Vivek checked the ID of the nozzle before attaching it to the garden hose.
Vivek 在將噴嘴接到花園水管前，先檢查了噴嘴的 ID（內徑）。
用法筆記
Often contrasted with OD (outside diameter) on technical drawings and product specifications. The ID determines what size of connector or fitting can be inserted into the opening.
7. a written abbreviation meaning the measurements of the space inside an object, s
內部尺寸
物體內部的長寬高等測量值
a written abbreviation meaning the measurements of the space inside an object, such as its length, width, or height.
The packing slip shows the ID of the box as 55 cm by 40 cm by 30 cm.
送貨單上標明這個箱子的內部尺寸為 55 公分 × 40 公分 × 30 公分。
ID = inside dimensions on product specs
Romi measured the ID of the closet before buying storage bins.
Romi 在購買收納箱之前先測量了衣櫃的內部尺寸。
The furniture manual lists both the outer size and the ID of each drawer.
家具說明書上同時列出了每個抽屜的外部尺寸和內部尺寸。
contrasted with outer size / outer dimensions
Hao checked the ID of the suitcase before packing for his trip.
Hao 在打包行李前先確認了行李箱的內部尺寸。
用法筆記
Commonly seen on product specifications, shipping labels, and furniture assembly instructions. Distinguished from abbreviation sense 6 (inside diameter), which refers only to the width of a circular opening.
8. a written abbreviation for intellectual disability — a condition that limits a p
智能障礙
限制學習與日常能力的醫療狀況縮寫
a written abbreviation for intellectual disability — a condition that limits a person's ability to learn, solve problems, and manage everyday tasks.
The clinic offers vocational training programs for adults with ID.
這家診所為智能障礙的成年人提供職業訓練課程。
ID = intellectual disability in medical contexts
Dr. Niran has worked with children who have ID for over fifteen years.
Niran 醫生照顧智能障礙的兒童已經超過十五年了。
The new school policy improves classroom support for students with ID.
新的學校政策加強了對智能障礙學生的課堂支援。
collocation: support / program / services for students with ID
Sophia volunteers at a summer camp for teenagers with ID every year.
Sophia 每年都到一個為智能障礙青少年舉辦的夏令營擔任志工。
- intellectual disability
the full form; more formal and clearer in medical writing
- cognitive disability
a broader term that also covers conditions like traumatic brain injury
用法筆記
Considered a neutral clinical term in medical and educational settings. More specific than general terms like 'learning difficulties.' Avoid using as a casual label.
常見錯誤
9. a written abbreviation for intelligence department — a branch of a government or
情報部門
政府或軍方收集機密資料的單位縮寫
a written abbreviation for intelligence department — a branch of a government or military organization that collects and studies secret information.
The ID issued a warning about suspicious activity near the port.
情報部門針對港口附近的可疑活動發布了警告。
ID = intelligence department in government context
Rachid works as an analyst for a military ID in the capital.
Rachid 在某首都的軍事情報部門擔任分析師。
The ID shared its findings with police agencies across the region.
情報部門將其調查結果分享給區域內的各警察機關。
collocation: ID + verb (issued / shared / reported)
A spokesperson for the ID refused to comment on the report.
情報部門的一名發言人拒絕針對那份報告發表評論。
用法筆記
Often capitalized as ID. In many countries, the full name of the department is used rather than the abbreviation. More common in historical or fictional contexts than in official modern titles.
id — 名詞字尾
1. a suffix used to form nouns that refer to a person who belongs to a particular d
王朝成員
某王朝或統治家族的一員
a suffix used to form nouns that refer to a person who belongs to a particular dynasty or ruling family, usually based on the name of the dynasty's founder or the ruling clan
The Abbasid dynasty ruled much of the Islamic world from Baghdad for over five centuries.
阿拔斯王朝以巴格達為中心，統治了伊斯蘭世界大部分地區長達五個多世紀。
suffix attached to dynasty founder's name (Abbas)
Fatimid rulers established a powerful caliphate that stretched across North Africa and into Egypt.
法蒂瑪王朝的統治者建立了一個橫跨北非並延伸至埃及的強大哈里發國。
Scholars of Umayyad history study the early Islamic administrative systems developed in Damascus.
研究伍麥葉王朝歷史的學者，探討了大馬士革早期伊斯蘭行政制度的發展。
suffix attached to clan name (Umayya)
Sassanid rulers built a vast empire in Persia that lasted more than four hundred years.
薩珊王朝的統治者在波斯建立了持續四百多年的大帝國。
- -id dynasty
- -id caliphate
- -id rulers
- -id period
文法句型
[dynasty/founder name] + -id
用法筆記
Commonly appears in historical texts about medieval Islamic, Persian, and Greek dynasties. The base word is typically the name of an ancestor or founder. Frequently used by historians but rare in everyday conversation.
常見錯誤
2. a suffix used to form nouns that name a meteor shower whose radiant point lies i
流星群
從特定星座輻射出的流星
a suffix used to form nouns that name a meteor shower whose radiant point lies in a specific constellation, or a single meteor that appears to come from a specific comet
Every August, the Perseid meteor shower lights up the night sky with dozens of bright streaks per hour.
每年八月，英仙座流星雨照亮夜空，每小時出現數十道明亮的流星痕跡。
suffix attached to constellation name (Perseus)
The Leonid shower occurs each November when Earth passes through debris left by Comet Tempel-Tuttle.
獅子座流星雨發生在每年十一月，此時地球穿過坦普爾·塔特爾彗星留下的碎片帶。
suffix attached to constellation name (Leo)
Emre set up his camera on a hilltop to capture images of the Geminid meteors in December.
Emre 在山頂架設相機，捕捉十二月的雙子座流星。
Meera watched the Orionid meteors streak across the sky just before the first light of dawn.
Meera 在黎明前觀看獵戶座流星劃過天際。
suffix attached to constellation name (Orion)
- -id meteor shower
- -id meteors
- -id shower peaks
- watch the -ids
- meteor
general term for any space rock burning up in Earth's atmosphere; -id specifies which constellation the meteor radiates from
- shooting star
informal term for any meteor; -id is more precise and technical
文法句型
[constellation/comet name] + -id
用法筆記
The base word is the Latin genitive form of a constellation name (e.g., Perseus → Perseid, Leo → Leonid, Gemini → Geminid). Can refer either to the meteor shower as a whole or to an individual meteor within it. Most commonly used by astronomers and amateur stargazers.
常見錯誤
3. a suffix used in scientific terminology to form nouns that name a small structur
小體；粒子
細胞或生物體內的小型結構單位
a suffix used in scientific terminology to form nouns that name a small structural body, particle, or subunit within a living cell or organism
Each chromatid is a copy of a chromosome formed during the DNA replication stage of cell division.
每條染色單體是在細胞分裂的 DNA 複製階段所形成的染色體複本。
suffix indicating a structural subunit (chromatid = subunit of chromosome)
Under a microscope, Indra could identify the paired chromatids just before the cell began to split.
在顯微鏡下，Indra 能夠辨識出細胞即將分裂前配對的染色單體。
The term "chromatid" comes from the Greek word for colour, since these structures stain easily in the lab.
「染色單體」一詞源自希臘語中表示顏色的詞，因為這些結構在實驗室中很容易被染色。
suffix attached to Greek-derived base (chromat- meaning colour)
A single chromatid per chromosome means the cell has not yet copied its DNA for division.
每條染色體只有一條染色單體，表示該細胞尚未為分裂複製 DNA。
- sister chromatid
- chromatid separation
- chromatid pair
- chromatid structure
文法句型
[base noun] + -id
用法筆記
Almost exclusively used in technical biological and medical writing. The base word is usually derived from Greek or Latin roots (e.g., chroma- 'colour' → chromatid). Unlike senses 1 and 2, this sense does not attach to proper nouns.
常見錯誤
同根字
- identify動詞B1
- identification名詞B1
- identity名詞B1
- identifier名詞B2
- identifiable形容詞B2
- unidentified形容詞B1
- ID card名詞片語A2