interference
/ˌɪntəˈfɪərəns/ (bre, ipa) · /ˌɪntərˈfɪrəns/ (ame, ipa) · /ˌin-tər-ˈfir-ən(t)s ˌin-tə-/ (ame, mw)
interference — 名詞
- interferencesingular
- interferencesplural
1. the act of taking part in a situation that does not concern you, especially when
干預
插手不關己的事情
the act of taking part in a situation that does not concern you, especially when your involvement causes problems or makes other people annoyed
Ayesha told her mother-in-law that she did not appreciate the interference in her parenting decisions.
Ayesha 告訴婆婆，她不喜歡對方干預她如何教養孩子。
collocation: interference in [something]
The company's repeated interference in local politics angered many residents.
那家公司對地方政治的頻繁干預引起許多居民的不滿。
Political interference from foreign governments can weaken a country's democratic process.
來自外國政府的政治干預可能削弱一個國家的民主進程。
Karim refused to accept any interference from his colleagues while he managed the project.
Karim 在管理專案時拒絕接受任何同事的干預。
The coach warned that outside interference would hurt the team's performance.
教練警告說，外來的干預會傷害球隊的表現。
- meddling
more informal, suggests annoying involvement in trivial matters
- intrusion
stronger negative tone, implies violation of privacy or personal space
- obstruction
focuses on blocking or hindering progress rather than mere involvement
- non-interference
a policy or principle of staying out of others' affairs
文法句型
interference in + noun/gerund
interference from + noun
常見錯誤
2. unwanted noise, static, or electrical signals that make it hard to hear or see a
干擾
影響信號的雜訊或電波
unwanted noise, static, or electrical signals that make it hard to hear or see a broadcast clearly, or disrupt the operation of a communication device
The radio signal was full of interference, so we could barely hear the news.
收音機充滿干擾，我們幾乎聽不到新聞。
passive: was full of interference
Thunderstorms can cause interference that disrupts satellite television reception.
雷暴可能引發干擾，影響衛星電視的收視品質。
collocation: cause interference
Ife adjusted the antenna to reduce the interference from a nearby transmitter.
Ife 調整天線以減少附近發射器造成的干擾。
The interference on the line made it impossible for Mauricio to complete the phone call.
線路上的干擾讓 Mauricio 無法打完電話。
Military radar systems are built to operate even under heavy electronic interference.
軍用雷達系統的設計即使在強烈電子干擾下仍能正常運作。
文法句型
interference from + noun
cause/create interference
3. the effect that happens when two or more waves (such as light, sound, or water w
干涉
波相遇時的相互影響
the effect that happens when two or more waves (such as light, sound, or water waves) meet and combine, producing areas where the wave is stronger or weaker
Two light sources made an interference pattern of bright and dark bands on the screen.
兩個光源在螢幕上產生了明暗相間的干涉條紋。
collocation: interference pattern
When sound waves overlap, constructive interference can make the noise louder in certain areas.
聲波重疊時，建設性干涉會使某些區域的聲音變大。
constructive interference
Yan learned about wave interference by observing ripples in a water tank.
Yan 在物理課上透過觀察水波槽中的漣漪來學習波的干涉。
The building's design used wave interference to help lower traffic noise for the residents.
這棟大樓的設計利用波的干涉來幫助降低住戶聽到的交通噪音。
文法句型
constructive/destructive interference
interference pattern
用法筆記
Usually a technical term in physics and engineering. It is uncountable when referring to the general phenomenon — 'interference occurs when...' — but can be used with adjectives like 'constructive' and 'destructive' to describe types.
4. a mistake made by a language learner who uses a rule, word, or structure from a
語言干擾
因舊語言規則而犯新語言錯誤
a mistake made by a language learner who uses a rule, word, or structure from a language they already know, which does not fit the new language they are learning
Chinese learners of English sometimes produce word-order errors due to interference from their first language.
中文使用者在學英語時，有時會因為母語的語言干擾而產生詞序錯誤。
collocation: interference from [language]
Élise saw that interference from French gave her English words the wrong stress pattern.
Élise 發現法語的語言干擾使她的英文單字出現了錯誤的重音。
Teachers help students recognize when interference from their native language is causing grammar mistakes.
老師幫助學生辨認何時來自母語的語言干擾正在造成文法錯誤。
Quan's Spanish sentence structure in his English essay was a clear case of language interference.
Quan 在英文作文中使用西班牙語的句子結構，是語言干擾的明顯例子。
- negative transfer
the formal linguistics term for the same phenomenon
- positive transfer
when a rule or pattern from one language correctly applies to another
文法句型
interference from + language
language interference
用法筆記
Common in linguistics and language-teaching contexts. The term is often paired with a language name in a prepositional phrase ('interference from Spanish'). The verb 'interfere' is used differently for this sense — 'the first language interferes with the second.'
5. in tennis, a ruling that occurs when something beyond a player's control, or an
妨礙擊球
網球中妨礙對手擊球的情況
in tennis, a ruling that occurs when something beyond a player's control, or an illegal action by their opponent, prevents them from hitting the ball
The umpire called interference when the ball boy moved across the court during the point.
當球童在比賽進行中穿越球場時，主審判定為妨礙擊球。
call + interference (sports ruling)
Players hit by a ball from another court can claim interference and replay the point.
被另一球場飛來的球擊中的球員可以主張妨礙擊球並重新進行該分。
Jude shouted a warning to his opponent to avoid any accidental interference during the serve.
Jude 對對手大喊一聲警告，以避免發球時發生意外妨礙擊球。
The referee ruled that the net post had not caused interference on that shot.
裁判裁定那次擊球並未受到網柱的妨礙。
- hindrance
the formal term used in the official tennis rulebook; 'interference' is the more general term
文法句型
call interference
claim interference
6. in baseball, a violation called when a player improperly alters the normal flow
妨礙守備
棒球中不當影響比賽的行為
in baseball, a violation called when a player improperly alters the normal flow of the game, such as by physically blocking or impeding an opponent
The runner was called out for interference when he collided with the second baseman.
跑壘員因為與二壘手相撞而被判妨礙守備出局。
passive: be called out for interference
Catcher's interference happens when the catcher's mitt touches the batter's bat during a swing.
捕手妨礙打擊發生在捕手手套於揮棒時碰到打者球棒的情況。
Valentina argued with the umpire about the interference call at third base.
Valentina 就三壘的妨礙守備判決與裁判爭論。
The coach explained that standing on the baseline without the ball counts as interference.
教練解釋說，未持球時站在跑壘線上就算妨礙守備。
文法句型
be called for interference
counts as interference
用法筆記
Distinguish from the tennis sense (sense 5): baseball interference involves a player changing the flow of play illegally, whereas tennis interference is about preventing a shot.
7. an ice hockey penalty called when a player illegally blocks, checks, or delays a
阻擋犯規
冰球中對無球球員的身體阻擋
an ice hockey penalty called when a player illegally blocks, checks, or delays an opponent who is not carrying the puck
The player received a two-minute penalty for interference after blocking the forward without the puck.
該球員因阻擋犯規——阻擋未持球的前鋒——而被判兩分鐘罰停。
penalty for interference
Ice hockey interference rules protect players without the puck from being checked illegally.
冰球的阻擋犯規規則保護未持球的球員不被非法衝撞。
Anna's interference penalty gave the opposing team a power-play advantage.
Anna 的阻擋犯規讓對方球隊獲得強打機會。
The referee raised his arm to signal interference as the defenseman tripped the winger.
裁判舉手示意阻擋犯規，因為後衛絆倒了翼鋒。
文法句型
penalty for interference
signal interference
用法筆記
Distinguish from baseball interference (sense 6): in ice hockey, the key condition is that the opponent does not have the puck. If the opponent has the puck, body checking may be legal.