government
/ˈɡʌvənmənt/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈɡʌvərnmənt/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈgə-vər(n)-mənt -və-mənt; ˈgə-bᵊm-ənt, -vᵊm-/ (ame, mw)
government — 名詞
- governmentsingular
- governmentsplural
1. The people who have the power to create laws and manage public affairs in a coun
政府
掌管國家決策與法律的團體
The people who have the power to create laws and manage public affairs in a country.
The government announced a plan to build new hospitals across the country.
政府宣布了一項在全國各地興建新醫院的計畫。
subject: the government + verb
Citizens voted for a new government during the national election in March.
民眾在三月的全國大選中投票選出了新政府。
The French government introduced a law to reduce plastic waste in the ocean.
法國政府通過了一項減少海洋塑膠廢棄物的法律。
Chidi wrote to the government asking for better roads in his village.
Chidi 寫信給政府，要求改善他村莊的道路。
In Finland, the government provides free school meals for all children up to the age of sixteen.
在芬蘭，政府為所有十六歲以下的兒童提供免費的學校午餐。
- administration
more common in US English; often refers to a specific president's team
- authorities
plural; broader, includes police and regulatory bodies
- regime
often negative; suggests an undemocratic or strict government
- opposition
the political party or group that is not in power
文法句型
the government + singular/plural verb
用法筆記
In British English, government can take either a singular or plural verb. 'The government is...' treats it as a single unit; 'the government are...' emphasises the individual members.
常見錯誤
2. A particular set of rules, institutions, and processes for directing a nation, c
體制
國家或城市的組織管理方式
A particular set of rules, institutions, and processes for directing a nation, city, or community.
In Japan's democratic government, citizens vote for members of parliament every four years.
在日本的民主體制下，公民每四年投票選出國會議員。
adjective + government describing a system type
Under Chile's military government in the 1970s, the army controlled most major decisions in the country.
在1970年代智利的軍政府體制下，軍隊掌控了國家多數重大決策。
under + [type of] government
The local government in Greta's town holds a public meeting every month.
Greta 住的那個小鎮的地方政府每個月舉辦一場公開會議。
Switzerland's federal government shares power with each of its twenty-six cantons on matters like education and healthcare.
瑞士的聯邦體制將教育與醫療保健等事務的權力下放給二十六個州。
Singapore's stable government has helped attract international businesses and create jobs in the port and finance sectors.
新加坡的穩定體制有助於吸引國際企業，並在港口和金融領域創造就業機會。
- system
broader; can refer to any organised set of rules, not just political
- political system
more formal and specific to politics
文法句型
[adjective] government
a form/system of government
用法筆記
This sense is often modified by adjectives that describe the type of rule: democratic, authoritarian, federal, central, local, military, provisional.
常見錯誤
3. The ongoing work of running a country, including making decisions, creating laws
治理
管理國家事務的運作過程
The ongoing work of running a country, including making decisions, creating laws, and managing public services.
When the transport minister proposed a new highway, the government faced tough budget choices about education.
當交通部長提議興建一條新高速公路時，政府在教育預算上面臨了艱難的權衡。
government involves + [difficult choice]
In New Zealand, transparent government means citizens can read official reports explaining how ministers reached policy decisions.
在紐西蘭，透明的治理意味著公民可以閱讀官方報告，了解部長們是如何做出政策決定的。
transparent government + citizens can access information
Takeshi studied how government works in different countries for his university project.
Takeshi 為了他的大學專題研究了不同國家的治理方式。
After Taiwan's election, good government required both parties to cooperate on a new environmental law.
台灣大選過後，良好的治理需要兩大政黨在一項新的環保法規上合作。
Mayor Yamamoto's role in government includes managing the city budget for Osaka's train system and waste collection.
Yamamoto 市長在治理中的角色包括管理大阪市的地鐵系統與垃圾清運預算。
- governance
more formal; often used in academic or business contexts
- administration
can refer to the process of managing public affairs
文法句型
in government
the work of government
常見錯誤
4. The official administrative body of a particular country or region, referred to
當局
特定國家的行政領導層
The official administrative body of a particular country or region, referred to by name as a single institutional entity.
The UK government signed a new trade agreement with Japan last December.
英國當局去年十二月與日本簽署了一項新的貿易協定。
the [country name] government
The Indian government launched a program to provide clean water to rural villages.
印度當局推出了一項為鄉村提供清潔飲用水的計畫。
The Egyptian government invested in solar energy projects across the desert region.
埃及當局投資了沙漠地區的太陽能發電項目。
Talia read a report about the Brazilian government's plan to protect the Amazon forest.
Talia 讀了一份關於巴西當局保護亞馬遜雨林計畫的報告。
- administration
common in US English for a presidential team; e.g. 'the Biden administration'
- regime
sometimes used for a specific government, but can carry a negative tone
文法句型
the [country/region] government
常見錯誤
5. An academic subject that examines how political power is organised and how natio
政治學
研究政治制度與權力運作的學科
An academic subject that examines how political power is organised and how nations are run.
Maeve is taking a class in government to understand how political systems work.
Maeve 正在修一門政治學課程，以了解政治體系的運作方式。
class/course in government
Professor Okafor has taught government at the university for over twenty years.
Okafor 教授在大學教授政治學已有二十多年。
In her government class at Seoul National University, Sumin learned how South Korea's health policies compare with Canada's.
Sumin 在首爾國立大學的政治學課堂上，學習了南韓與加拿大的健康政策比較。
Lauren earned a degree in government and then found a job in public policy.
Lauren 取得政治學學位後，在公共政策領域找到了工作。
- political science
more formal and precise; the standard name for this academic discipline
- civics
more basic; focuses on the rights and duties of citizens
文法句型
study + government
government + class/course
用法筆記
In this sense, government is uncountable and has no article. It is treated like a school subject name, similar to 'history' or 'economics'.