control
/kənˈtrəʊl/ (bre, ipa) · /kənˈtroʊl/ (ame, ipa) · /kən-ˈtrōl/ (ame, mw) · /kənˈtrəʊl/ (ame, ipa)
control — 動詞
1. to make someone or something do what you want, or to keep a situation within cer
控制
行使權力支配或限制
to make someone or something do what you want, or to keep a situation within certain limits — for example, managing a team, directing traffic, limiting a fire, or keeping your emotions from getting too strong.
A thermostat controls the room temperature by switching the heater on and off.
恆溫器會透過開關暖氣來控制室內的溫度。
control + [how a device works]
The new manager found it hard to control such a large and busy team.
新來的經理發現要控制這麼龐大又忙碌的團隊並不容易。
control + [group of people]
Firefighters arrived quickly and managed to control the blaze before dark.
消防隊員迅速趕到，在天黑前成功控制住了火勢。
Élise took a deep breath to control her nerves before the speech began.
Élise 在演講開始前深吸一口氣，努力控制自己的緊張情緒。
The government introduced laws to control the pollution from cars and factories.
政府通過了法律來控制汽機車與工廠造成的汙染。
- manage
focuses on running or organizing day-to-day activities; less forceful than control
- regulate
implies setting and enforcing rules or limits; more formal and technical
- direct
emphasizes giving guidance or instructions rather than enforcing limits
- govern
formal authority over people or a country; wider scope than control
文法句型
control + noun phrase
control + wh-clause
用法筆記
Frequently used with the preposition 'over' (control over something/someone). Can take a reflexive pronoun: 'control yourself' means to stay calm or stop yourself from acting on emotion. Often appears in passive constructions: 'the disease was controlled by the new vaccine.'
常見錯誤
control — 名詞
1. the power or ability to decide how a country, organisation, vehicle, or situatio
支配權
決定如何運作或管理的權力
the power or ability to decide how a country, organisation, vehicle, or situation is managed, or to force someone to act as you wish.
The parents have full control over their children's education choices at the school.
家長對孩子在學校的教育選擇擁有完全的支配權。
have control over + [decision/responsibility]
The army gained control of the capital city after three days of heavy fighting.
經過三天的激烈戰鬥，軍隊奪取了首都的控制權。
gain control of + [place/organisation]
Imran lost control of his bicycle after hitting a patch of ice on the road.
Imran 在騎腳踏車時壓到一塊冰，失去了對車子的掌控。
The teacher struggled to take control of the noisy classroom after lunch.
老師在午餐後費了好大一番功夫才掌控住吵鬧的教室。
Who has control of the project budget now that the senior manager has left?
現在資深經理離開了，誰有專案預算的決定權？
- submission
accepting someone else's authority instead of exercising your own
文法句型
have control of / over something
take control of something
lose control of something
用法筆記
Commonly used with the prepositions 'over' (more general authority) and 'of' (more specific/tangible object). 'Take control' suggests seizing authority; 'lose control' suggests failing to maintain it.
常見錯誤
2. a state in which a situation, problem, or emotion is being handled successfully
掌控
成功管理或限制的狀態
a state in which a situation, problem, or emotion is being handled successfully and safely, or the opposite state in which it is not.
The flood waters are now under control after the new dam was completed.
新水壩完工後，洪水的水位目前已在掌控之中。
under control — situation is being managed
The crowd got out of control when the speaker made an angry comment.
演講者說了一句氣話之後，群眾的情緒就失控了。
out of control — no longer manageable
Please keep your emotions under control during the job interview tomorrow.
明天的面試中請控制好自己的情緒。
The disease spread out of control before the vaccine was widely available.
在疫苗廣泛供應之前，這種疾病就已經失控蔓延。
Bringing the inflation rate under control was the central bank's main priority.
將通貨膨脹率控制住是中央銀行的首要任務。
- restraint
focuses on holding something back; more formal than control
- discipline
implies training or rules that create order
- chaos
complete disorder, the opposite of being under control
文法句型
under control
out of control
in control
用法筆記
This sense almost always appears in fixed prepositional phrases: 'under control' (managed well), 'out of control' (not manageable), 'in control' (having authority). These phrases describe a state, not an action. Distinguish from noun sense 1: 'under control' focuses on the state of being managed, while sense 1 focuses on the power itself.
常見錯誤
3. a button, switch, knob, or lever on a piece of equipment that you press, turn, o
操控裝置
用來操作機器或車輛的開關按鈕
a button, switch, knob, or lever on a piece of equipment that you press, turn, or pull to make it work.
The volume control on the radio is broken, so the music sounds very quiet.
收音機的音量控制旋鈕壞了，所以音樂聽起來很小聲。
volume control — specific device function
The pilot checked all the controls carefully before starting the aircraft engine.
機長在啟動飛機引擎前仔細檢查了所有的操控裝置。
controls (plural) — full set of buttons and switches in a vehicle
João adjusted the temperature control on the air conditioner because the room was hot.
João 因為房間太熱而調整了冷氣機的溫度設定。
The remote control for the television was stuck between the sofa cushions.
電視的遙控器卡在沙發坐墊之間了。
Eri pressed the wrong control on the machine and stopped the production line.
Eri 按錯了機器上的一個控制開關，導致生產線停了下來。
文法句型
the + control + of [machine]
the + [function] + control
the + controls + of [vehicle]
用法筆記
Often used in the plural 'controls' to refer to all the buttons, switches, and levers in a vehicle or machine. Frequently appears in compound nouns: 'remote control', 'volume control', 'temperature control', 'game control'.
常見錯誤
4. the key labelled 'Ctrl' that you hold down while pressing another key to run a s
Ctrl鍵
鍵盤上用於組合快捷指令的按鍵
the key labelled 'Ctrl' that you hold down while pressing another key to run a shortcut command on a computer.
Press Control and C at the same time to copy the selected text.
同時按下 Ctrl 鍵和 C 鍵可以複製選取的文字。
Control + C — copy shortcut
The Control key on this laptop sits next to the Shift key on the left.
這台筆電的 Ctrl 鍵位於左邊 Shift 鍵的旁邊。
Control key — physical location
You can zoom in by holding the Control key and scrolling the mouse wheel up.
按住 Ctrl 鍵並向上滑動滑鼠滾輪就可以放大畫面。
Aylin pressed Control and P to open the print menu without using the mouse.
Aylin 按了 Ctrl 和 P 鍵，不靠滑鼠就開啟了列印選單。
- Ctrl
the abbreviation printed on the key itself; more common in informal use
文法句型
press / hold Control + [key]
Control + [key letter]
用法筆記
Usually written as 'Ctrl' on the keyboard itself, but 'Control' in instructions and documentation. Common shortcuts: Control+C (copy), Control+V (paste), Control+Z (undo), Control+S (save).
常見錯誤
5. a person, group, or sample in a laboratory study that is left untreated so resea
對照組
實驗中不改變條件以作為比較的樣本
a person, group, or sample in a laboratory study that is left untreated so researchers can compare the treated subjects against it.
The scientists used a control group that received no medicine during the study.
科學家在研究中使用了未接受任何藥物的對照組。
control group — receives no treatment
In the experiment, the control plants were watered normally while others received salt water.
在實驗中，對照組的植物正常澆水，而其他植物則澆了鹽水。
control [subjects] — compared with experimental group
Every medical trial should include a control to make the test results meaningful.
每項醫療試驗都應該包含對照組，這樣測試結果才有意義。
Without a proper control, it is hard to know whether the drug actually works.
如果沒有適當的對照組，就很難判斷這種藥物是否真的有效。
- experimental group
the group that receives the treatment being tested
文法句型
a + control
control group
control sample
用法筆記
Common in scientific and medical writing. Often combined with 'group' (control group) or 'subject' (control subject). A 'control experiment' is a separate experiment whose outcome is already known, used to check that your methods are working.
常見錯誤
6. the ability to handle a tool, musical instrument, vehicle, or piece of equipment
掌握度
熟練操作工具或樂器的能力
the ability to handle a tool, musical instrument, vehicle, or piece of equipment with precision and skill, often developed through practice.
The pianist has wonderful control over every note she plays during a concert.
這位鋼琴家在音樂會上對自己彈出的每個音符都有極佳的掌握度。
control over [instrument] — musical precision
Professional drivers have better control of their vehicles on wet roads.
專業駕駛在溼滑路面上對車輛的掌控比一般人更好。
have control of [vehicle] — driving skill
Lakan's brush control improved greatly after years of daily painting practice.
經過多年每天練習畫畫，Lakan 的運筆掌握度大幅提升了。
Obi showed excellent ball control during the football match against their rivals.
Obi 在對手的比賽中展現了絕佳的控球能力。
- clumsiness
lack of skill; opposite of fine control
文法句型
have / show control over [tool/instrument]
have control of [vehicle/ball]
用法筆記
Subject is usually a skilled person or performer. The preposition 'over' is more common with artistic skills (control over the brush), while 'of' is more common with vehicles and objects (control of the car).
常見錯誤
7. a room, building, or organisation from which an activity, process, or operation
指揮中心
指揮或監控行動的地點或組織
a room, building, or organisation from which an activity, process, or operation is directed and monitored.
Mission control in Houston monitors every flight to the International Space Station.
休士頓的任務指揮中心監控著每一次前往國際太空站的飛行。
mission control — space operations centre
The air traffic control tower guides planes landing and taking off from the airport.
飛航管制塔台引導飛機在機場起飛與降落。
air traffic control — airport operations
The control room is filled with screens showing data from every security camera on site.
監控室裡滿是螢幕，顯示著現場每一支監視器傳回的資料。
Passport control at the airport checks each traveller's documents before they enter the country.
機場的證照查驗處會檢查每位旅客的證件後才准許入境。
- headquarters
the main office of an organisation; not specific to monitoring operations
- command centre
similar to control room but often implies military or emergency use
文法句型
[purpose] + control
control + [facility type]
用法筆記
Often appears as part of a compound noun: 'mission control', 'air traffic control', 'passport control', 'control room', 'control centre'. The uncountable use ('passport control') refers to the organisation or function; the countable use ('a control room') refers to the physical space.