standard
/ˈstændəd/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈstændərd/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈstan-dərd/ (ame, mw) · /ˈstæn.dəd/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈstæn.dɚd/ (ame, ipa)
standard — 名詞
- standardsingular
- standardsplural
1. a measurement of how good or acceptable something is, based on what people expec
標準；水準
期望或要求的品質程度
a measurement of how good or acceptable something is, based on what people expect or what is judged to be sufficient
The hospital was praised for raising its standards of patient care.
這間醫院因提升病人照護標準而受到讚揚。
collocation: raise/improve standards
Christopher inspected every part to ensure it met the required quality standards.
Christopher 檢查了每一個零件，以確保它符合要求的品質標準。
collocation: meet / required standards
Many restaurants in Taipei maintain a high standard of food safety.
臺北的許多餐廳維持著高標準的食品安全。
The review found that building work on the new bridge fell below the usual standard.
審查結果發現，新橋樑的施工品質未達到一般標準。
用法筆記
Often paired with prepositions like 'of' (standard of something) and verbs like 'meet', 'raise', 'set', or 'maintain'. Can be uncountable when speaking generally ('work of a high standard').
常見錯誤
2. a principle of behaviour that a person or group believes to be morally right and
道德標準
個人或群體遵守的道德原則
a principle of behaviour that a person or group believes to be morally right and follows consistently
Sahil refused to lie to his clients because he holds himself to strict moral standards.
Sahil 拒絕對客戶說謊，因為他對自己要求嚴格的道德標準。
collocation: moral / ethical standards
Sirin refused to reveal her source for the story, honouring the ethical standards of journalism.
Sirin 拒絕透露她的消息來源，堅守新聞報導的職業道德標準。
The company's advertising standards require all claims to be backed by evidence.
該公司的廣告標準要求所有宣稱都必須有證據支持。
The school's behaviour standards clearly state that bullying will not be tolerated.
學校的行為標準明確指出，絕不容忍霸凌行為。
用法筆記
Almost always plural in this sense (standards). Singular 'a standard' is rare and only appears in fixed phrases like 'a double standard'. Frequently modified by adjectives such as 'moral', 'ethical', 'high', 'strict'.
常見錯誤
3. something that is accepted as a normal or official model for how things should b
規範；基準
被普遍接受的模式或規則
something that is accepted as a normal or official model for how things should be done or made
The kilogram kept in France once served as the international standard for measuring weight.
保存在法國的一公斤原器曾作為測量重量的國際標準。
collocation: serve as / become the standard for
Naoko's report layout became the standard for all departments in the company.
Naoko 的報告格式成了公司內部所有部門的標準。
The USB connector is now a global standard used by billions of devices.
USB 接頭現在是全球標準，數十億設備都在使用。
Mateo checked the safety standards published by the European committee before building the machine.
Mateo 在製造機器前查閱了歐洲委員會發布的安全標準。
用法筆記
Use 'the standard for something' to name what is being measured or guided. Often used in technical or industrial contexts (safety standards, industry standards, international standards).
4. a much-loved song or musical work that stays popular for many years and is frequ
經典曲目
長期受歡迎的經典歌曲
a much-loved song or musical work that stays popular for many years and is frequently performed or covered by different musicians
Tamar sang a jazz standard from the 1940s at the school talent show.
Tamar 在學校才藝表演中唱了一首 1940 年代的爵士經典曲。
domain: jazz standard
The band's set list included old folk standards that the whole crowd knew by heart.
樂團的演出曲目中包含了全場觀眾耳熟能詳的經典民歌。
Minh learned to play several piano standards so he could perform at the café.
Minh 學會了幾首經典鋼琴曲，以便在咖啡館表演。
Every Christmas, the radio station plays holiday standards that have been around for decades.
每年聖誕節，電臺都會播放流傳數十年的經典節日歌曲。
用法筆記
Common in music contexts, especially with genres like jazz, folk, pop, and blues. Often modified by the genre name: 'jazz standard', 'blues standard'.
5. a car in which the driver changes gear using a stick and a foot-operated clutch,
手排車
手動換檔的汽車
a car in which the driver changes gear using a stick and a foot-operated clutch, rather than an automatic system
Hugo prefers driving a standard because he can shift gears manually for better control on the mountain roads.
Hugo 比較喜歡開手排車，因為可以手動換檔，在山路上操控性更好。
informal register: 'a standard' = manual car
Rafael learned to shift gears in heavy traffic on an old standard transmission car.
Rafael 在一輛老式手排車上學會了在繁忙車流中換檔。
Omar bought a second-hand standard because it cost much less than an automatic.
Omar 買了一輛二手手排車，因為它比自排車便宜很多。
Learning to drive a standard takes patience, especially when starting on a steep hill.
學習開手排車需要耐心，尤其是在陡坡上起步的時候。
- manual
more common in British English; the standard term
- stick shift
informal, used mainly in American English
- automatic
a car that changes gears by itself
用法筆記
Short for 'standard transmission'. Mostly used informally in North America. In the UK, 'manual' is more common than 'standard' for this sense.
6. a long narrow flag, often with two pointed ends, used as the official symbol of
軍旗；旗幟
長條形、末梢分叉的旗幟
a long narrow flag, often with two pointed ends, used as the official symbol of a military unit, a royal family, or a state
The soldiers marched behind the regimental standard during the national day parade.
士兵們在國慶遊行中跟隨團旗行進。
domain: military standard
The king's standard flew above the palace to show that he was in residence.
國王的旗幟在皇宮上空飄揚，表示他正在宮中。
Each knight carried a standard bearing the colours of his house into battle.
每位騎士都扛著一面繡有家族徽章的旗幟上戰場。
The standard of the 7th Infantry Regiment hangs in the military museum.
第 7 步兵團的團旗掛在軍事博物館裡。
用法筆記
This is a historical or ceremonial sense, more specific than the general word 'flag'. Typically refers to a banner carried in battle or displayed at official events.
standard — 形容詞
- standardpositive
- more standardcomparative
- most standardsuperlative
1. matching the typical or accepted form — what most people expect and recognise as
標準；正常
符合常規或一般認可的
matching the typical or accepted form — what most people expect and recognise as normal and correct
The standard procedure for this test requires patients to fast for eight hours.
這項檢測的標準程序要求患者禁食八小時。
collocation: standard procedure / practice
Soraya ordered the standard size pizza, which was enough for two people.
Soraya 點了標準尺寸的披薩，足夠兩個人吃。
A standard passport photo must be two inches square with a plain white background.
標準護照相片必須是兩吋見方，背景為純白色。
All new employees receive a standard contract with the same basic terms.
所有新進員工都會收到一份條款相同的標準合約。
用法筆記
This is the most frequent adjectival sense. It describes what is typical or expected, not exceptional. Often appears before a noun: 'standard practice', 'standard procedure', 'standard size'.
常見錯誤
2. describing a form of a language that is widely accepted as correct, proper, and
標準的
語言中被普遍接受的正式形式
describing a form of a language that is widely accepted as correct, proper, and appropriate for formal writing and education by most educated speakers
Omar is learning standard Arabic so he can read newspapers and official documents.
Omar 正在學習標準阿拉伯語，以便能夠閱讀報紙和官方文件。
collocation: standard Arabic / English / Chinese
Camille showed her class that standard English uses 'They were going', not 'They was going'.
Camille 向班上同學說明，標準英語要說 'They were going'，而非 'They was going'。
National Taiwan University requires first-year history students to write their term papers in standard academic language.
國立臺灣大學要求大一歷史系學生以標準學術用語撰寫學期報告。
In Beijing, most news broadcasts are delivered in standard Mandarin.
在北京，大多數新聞播報使用標準國語。
- non-standard
not conforming to the standard form of a language
- dialectal
relating to a local or regional variety of a language
用法筆記
Often used before a language name: standard English, standard Mandarin, standard Arabic. This sense does not mean 'better' — it describes the established, institutionalised form taught in schools.
常見錯誤
3. describing a book, author, or reference work that is widely recognised as the mo
權威的
公認最具權威性的著作或作者
describing a book, author, or reference work that is widely recognised as the most authoritative and reliable source of information on a given subject
Gray's Anatomy is still regarded as the standard medical textbook for students worldwide.
《葛雷氏解剖學》至今仍被視為全球醫學生的標準教科書。
collocation: standard textbook / reference work
Mateo consulted the standard reference work on Chinese pottery before writing his paper.
Mateo 在撰寫論文前查閱了關於中國陶器的權威參考著作。
Professor Chen's research has become a standard text in the field of environmental economics.
陳教授的研究已成為環境經濟學領域的標準教材。
Every medical student owns a copy of the standard pharmacology textbook.
每位醫學生都擁有一本標準藥理學教科書。
- authoritative
trusted as being accurate and reliable; stronger than standard
- definitive
the most complete and authoritative work on a subject
- classic
well-known and of lasting importance
用法筆記
Only used before a noun (attributive position). Common with words like 'textbook', 'reference', 'work', 'author'. Unlike other adjective senses, this one cannot be used predicatively ('This book is standard' would be read as sense 1).
4. describing a dog that matches the usual type, size, and appearance expected for
標準型的
犬種中一般尺寸與外型的
describing a dog that matches the usual type, size, and appearance expected for its particular breed in competitions or breed standards
The golden retriever was judged according to the breed's standard size and coat colour.
這隻黃金獵犬是根據該品種的標準體型和毛色來評分的。
domain: dog breed
Dario's poodle meets the standard weight requirements for its breed classification.
Dario 的貴賓犬符合其品種分類的標準體重範圍。
The judge only accepts standard poodles in this category, not miniature or toy varieties.
裁判在這個組別只接受標準型貴賓犬，不接受迷你型或玩具型。
The breeder specialises in standard schnauzers, rather than the giant variety.
這位繁殖者專注於標準型雪納瑞，而非巨型品種。
- full-size
less formal; describes a dog that is not a miniature or toy variant
用法筆記
Used mainly in dog breeding and dog show contexts. Refers to the middle or original size of a breed, distinguishing it from miniature or toy variants (e.g. standard poodle vs. toy poodle).